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return kwic search for cell out of >500 occurrences
928965 occurrences (No.3 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found
31) TAs are implicated in contradicting phenomena of persistence and programmed cell death (PCD) in bacteria.
--- ABSTRACT ---
PMID:23799870 DOI:10.3109/1040841X.2013.804030
2015 Critical reviews in microbiology
* mazEF-mediated programmed cell death in bacteria: "what is this?".
- Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems consist of a bicistronic operon, encoding a toxin and an antitoxin. They are widely distributed in the prokaryotic kingdom, often in multiple numbers. TAs are implicated in contradicting phenomena of persistence and programmed cell death (PCD) in bacteria. mazEF TA system, one of the widely distributed type II toxin-antitoxin systems, is particularly implicated in PCD of Escherichia coli. Nutrient starvation, antibiotic stress, heat shock, DNA damage and other kinds of stresses are shown to elicit mazEF-mediated-PCD. ppGpp and extracellular death factor play a central role in regulating mazEF-mediated PCD. The activation of mazEF system is achieved through inhibition of transcription or translation of mazEF loci. Upon activation, MazF cleaves RNA in a ribosome-independent fashion and subsequent processes result in cell death. It is hypothesized that PCD aids in perseverance of the population during stress; the surviving minority of the cells can scavenge the nutrients released by the dead cells, a kind of "nutritional-altruism." Issues regarding the strains, reproducibility of experimental results and ecological plausibility necessitate speculation. We review the molecular mechanisms of the activation of mazEF TA system, the consequences leading to cell death and the pros and cons of the altruism hypothesis from an ecological perspective.
--- ABSTRACT END ---
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(1)30 lines (19)5 tumour (37)3 migration (55)2 lymphoma,
(2)16 death (20)4 (RBC) (38)3 response (56)2 matrices
(3)15 proliferation (21)4 growth (39)3 scaffolds (57)2 numbers
(4)15 viability (22)4 markers (40)3 source (58)2 of
(5)13 lymphoma (23)4 nuclear (41)3 tumors (59)2 printing
(6)12 and (24)4 phenotype (42)3 type (60)2 responses
(7)9 carcinoma (25)4 populations (43)3 viability, (61)2 seeding
(8)9 culture (26)4 therapies (44)2 activation (62)2 survival
(9)9 sheets (27)3 adhesion, (45)2 aggregation (63)2 system
(10)9 transplantation (28)3 division (46)2 attachment (64)2 that
(11)9 types (29)3 energy (47)2 biology (65)2 therapy,
(12)8 adhesion (30)3 expansion (48)2 coating, (66)2 to
(13)8 cycle (31)3 growth, (49)2 death, (67)2 transplantation,
(14)8 therapy (32)3 immunity (50)2 density (68)2 tumours
(15)7 differentiation (33)3 infiltration (51)2 factors (69)2 types,
(16)7 proliferation, (34)3 line, (52)2 genes (70)2 volume
(17)6 surface (35)3 lines, (53)2 interactions (71)2 wall
(18)5 line (36)3 lung (54)2 invasion (72)2 was

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--- WordNet output for cell --- =>密室, 細胞, 電池, 独房・細胞, 監房, 組織, 独房 Overview of noun cell The noun cell has 7 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (71) cell -- (any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb") 2. (44) cell -- ((biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals) 3. (1) cell, electric cell -- (a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction) 4. cell, cadre -- (a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement) 5. cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, cell, mobile phone -- (a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver) 6. cell, cubicle -- (small room in which a monk or nun lives) 7. cell, jail cell, prison cell -- (a room where a prisoner is kept) --- WordNet end ---