ELIZA cgi-bash version rev. 1.90
- Medical English LInking keywords finder for the PubMed Zipped Archive (ELIZA) -

return kwic search for cell out of >500 occurrences
928965 occurrences (No.3 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found
341) Early embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation is marked by the formation of three germ layers from which all tissues types arise.
--- ABSTRACT ---
PMID:23008262 DOI:10.1002/term.1602
2015 Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
* Inducing endoderm differentiation by modulating mechanical properties of soft substrates.
- Early embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation is marked by the formation of three germ layers from which all tissues types arise. Conventionally, ESCs are differentiated by altering their chemical microenvironment. Recently however, it was established that a mechanical microenvironment can also contribute towards cellular phenotype commitment. In this study, we report how the cellular mechanical microenvironment of soft substrates affects the differentiation and phenotypic commitment of ESCs. Mouse ESCs were cultured in a fibrin hydrogel matrix in 2D and 3D cultures. The gelation characteristics of the substrates were modulated by systematically altering the fibrinogen concentration and the fibrinogen-thrombin crosslinking ratio. Analysis of the ESCs cultured on different substrate conditions clearly illustrated the strong influence that substrate physical characteristics assert on cellular behaviours. Specifically, it was found that ESCs had a higher proliferation rate in gels of lower stiffness. Early differentiation events were studied by analyzing the gene and protein expression levels of early germ layer markers. Our results revealed that lower substrate stiffness elicited stronger upregulation of endoderm related genes Sox17, Afp and Hnf4 compared to stiffer substrates. While both 2D and 3D cultures showed a similar response, the effects were much stronger in 3D culture. These results suggest that physical cues can be used to modulate ESC differentiation into clinically relevant tissues such as liver and pancreas.
--- ABSTRACT END ---
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(1)30 lines (19)5 tumour (37)3 migration (55)2 lymphoma,
(2)16 death (20)4 (RBC) (38)3 response (56)2 matrices
(3)15 proliferation (21)4 growth (39)3 scaffolds (57)2 numbers
(4)15 viability (22)4 markers (40)3 source (58)2 of
(5)13 lymphoma (23)4 nuclear (41)3 tumors (59)2 printing
(6)12 and (24)4 phenotype (42)3 type (60)2 responses
(7)9 carcinoma (25)4 populations (43)3 viability, (61)2 seeding
(8)9 culture (26)4 therapies (44)2 activation (62)2 survival
(9)9 sheets (27)3 adhesion, (45)2 aggregation (63)2 system
(10)9 transplantation (28)3 division (46)2 attachment (64)2 that
(11)9 types (29)3 energy (47)2 biology (65)2 therapy,
(12)8 adhesion (30)3 expansion (48)2 coating, (66)2 to
(13)8 cycle (31)3 growth, (49)2 death, (67)2 transplantation,
(14)8 therapy (32)3 immunity (50)2 density (68)2 tumours
(15)7 differentiation (33)3 infiltration (51)2 factors (69)2 types,
(16)7 proliferation, (34)3 line, (52)2 genes (70)2 volume
(17)6 surface (35)3 lines, (53)2 interactions (71)2 wall
(18)5 line (36)3 lung (54)2 invasion (72)2 was

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--- WordNet output for cell --- =>密室, 細胞, 電池, 独房・細胞, 監房, 組織, 独房 Overview of noun cell The noun cell has 7 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (71) cell -- (any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb") 2. (44) cell -- ((biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals) 3. (1) cell, electric cell -- (a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction) 4. cell, cadre -- (a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement) 5. cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, cell, mobile phone -- (a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver) 6. cell, cubicle -- (small room in which a monk or nun lives) 7. cell, jail cell, prison cell -- (a room where a prisoner is kept) --- WordNet end ---