ELIZA

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332920 occurrences (No.57 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

257) Previous work in the precocious rodent Octodon degus has shown that exposure to early life stress (ELS) (induced by repeated parental separation) results in changes of excitatory, inhibitory and modulatory transmitter systems in prefrontal and limbic regions of the male brain.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:24343570 DOI:10.1007/s00429-013-0688-2

2015 Brain structure & function

* Early life stress and sex-specific sensitivity of the catecholaminergic systems in prefrontal and limbic regions of Octodon degus.

- Previous work in the precocious rodent Octodon degus has shown that exposure to early life stress (ELS) (induced by repeated parental separation) results in changes of excitatory, inhibitory and modulatory transmitter systems in prefrontal and limbic regions of the male brain. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that catecholaminergic fibers and dopamine transporters (DAT) are differentially vulnerable towards ELS-induced neuronal changes in male and female brains. The brains of adult male and female animals exposed to repeated early life stress (1 h/day separation from the family from P1 to P21) and control animals were compared and the densities of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive structures were quantified in prefrontal cortical regions. In the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and striatum, DAT-immunoreactivity as well as TH immunoreactivity was measured. Layer II of the prelimbic cortex displayed reduced TH-fiber densities in ELS males compared to control males; this effect was not seen in females. In contrast, layer V/VI of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex displayed elevated fiber densities in ELS males compared to controls; again this difference was not observed in females. The same trend was observed for layer III/IV of the ventral orbitofrontal cortex. No sex-specific effects in response to ELS were observed for DAT, whose density was elevated in the NAc of ELS males and females. These results are in line with our working hypothesis that ELS affects the development of catecholaminergic systems and we show here that ELS-induced differences of TH-immunoreactive fibers were more pronounced in male brains than in female brains.

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(2)31 of	(9)7 during	(16)3 over	(23)2 induced
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(6)13 and	(13)3 as	(20)2 can	(27)2 such
(7)8 are	(14)3 by	(21)2 could	(28)2 which

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--- WordNet output for changes --- Overview of noun change The noun change has 10 senses (first 7 from tagged texts) 1. (46) change, alteration, modification -- (an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another; "the change was intended to increase sales"; "this storm is certainly a change for the worse"; "the neighborhood had undergone few modifications since his last visit years ago") 2. (45) change -- (a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event; "he attributed the change to their marriage") 3. (17) change -- (the action of changing something; "the change of government had no impact on the economy"; "his change on abortion cost him the election") 4. (13) change -- (the result of alteration or modification; "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs"; "there had been no change in the mountains") 5. (2) change -- (the balance of money received when the amount you tender is greater than the amount due; "I paid with a twenty and pocketed the change") 6. (1) change -- (a thing that is different; "he inspected several changes before selecting one") 7. (1) change -- (a different or fresh set of clothes; "she brought a change in her overnight bag") 8. change -- (coins of small denomination regarded collectively; "he had a pocketful of change") 9. change -- (money received in return for its equivalent in a larger denomination or a different currency; "he got change for a twenty and used it to pay the taxi driver") 10. variety, change -- (a difference that is usually pleasant; "he goes to France for variety"; "it is a refreshing change to meet a woman mechanic") Overview of verb change The verb change has 10 senses (first 8 from tagged texts) 1. (57) change, alter, modify -- (cause to change; make different; cause a transformation; "The advent of the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city"; "The discussion has changed my thinking about the issue") 2. (54) change -- (undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; "She changed completely as she grew older"; "The weather changed last night") 3. (13) change, alter, vary -- (become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence; "her mood changes in accordance with the weather"; "The supermarket's selection of vegetables varies according to the season") 4. (7) switch, shift, change -- (lay aside, abandon, or leave for another; "switch to a different brand of beer"; "She switched psychiatrists"; "The car changed lanes") 5. (6) change -- (change clothes; put on different clothes; "Change before you go to the opera") 6. (5) change, exchange, commute, convert -- (exchange or replace with another, usually of the same kind or category; "Could you convert my dollars into pounds?"; "He changed his name"; "convert centimeters into inches"; "convert holdings into shares") 7. (3) exchange, change, interchange -- (give to, and receive from, one another; "Would you change places with me?"; "We have been exchanging letters for a year") 8. (3) transfer, change -- (change from one vehicle or transportation line to another; "She changed in Chicago on her way to the East coast") 9. deepen, change -- (become deeper in tone; "His voice began to change when he was 12 years old"; "Her voice deepened when she whispered the password") 10. change -- (remove or replace the coverings of; "Father had to learn how to change the baby"; "After each guest we changed the bed linens") --- WordNet end ---