379) BoHV-4 has been isolated in a large variety of clinical cases, primarily metritis, vaginitis and mastitis, but also endometritis, abortion and orchitis. |
PMID:23998345 DOI:10.1111/tbed.12155 |
2015 Transboundary and emerging diseases |
* Impact of Bovine Herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) on Reproduction. |
- Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is increasingly considered as responsible for various reproductive troubles. This virus infects blood mononuclear cells and displays a specific tropism for vascular endothelia, mammary tissue, endometrium and foetal tissues. Viral multiplication can be reactivated by corticosteroids or stress, both factors present at calving. BoHV-4 has been isolated in a large variety of clinical cases, primarily metritis, vaginitis and mastitis, but also endometritis, abortion and orchitis. Its impact on reproductive performance has been suggested by several epidemiological studies: seroprevalence against BoHV-4 is higher in aborted females and in repeat breeders. Nevertheless, its intrinsic pathogenic power seems low, symptoms developing only when BoHV-4 cooperates with bacteria: within the uterus or mammary gland. BoHV-4 is rather currently considered as a cofactor for the development of an inflammatory reaction initiated by bacteria. |
(1)36 and | (17)5 application | (33)3 attachment | (49)2 grading |
(2)26 practice | (18)5 data | (34)3 course, | (50)2 interventions |
(3)22 trials | (19)5 efficacy | (35)3 examination, | (51)2 literature |
(4)19 trial | (20)5 features | (36)3 experience | (52)2 measures |
(5)14 research | (21)5 outcome | (37)3 information | (53)2 nurse |
(6)14 studies | (22)5 picture | (38)3 manifestations | (54)2 observations |
(7)10 use | (23)5 relevance | (39)3 significance | (55)2 point |
(8)8 parameters | (24)5 symptoms | (40)3 variables | (56)2 practice, |
(9)8 settings | (25)5 translation | (41)2 benefits | (57)2 presentation, |
(10)8 signs | (26)5 trials, | (42)2 cases | (58)2 process |
(11)8 study | (27)5 utility | (43)2 conditions | (59)2 results |
(12)7 examination | (28)4 characteristics | (44)2 context | (60)2 sample, |
(13)7 implications | (29)4 evaluation | (45)2 decision-making | (61)2 situation |
(14)7 presentation | (30)4 management | (46)2 decisions | (62)2 situations, |
(15)6 applications | (31)4 outcomes | (47)2 diagnosis | (63)2 success |
(16)6 course | (32)4 signs, | (48)2 findings | (64)2 tooth |
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