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399456 occurrences (No.44 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

27) The surface roughness was significantly reduced in the test group compared with the control group (p = 0.008).

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PMID:23760881 DOI:10.1007/s10103-013-1361-y

2015 Lasers in medical science

* Effects of Er: YAG laser irradiation on wettability, surface roughness, and biocompatibility of SLA titanium surfaces: an in vitro study.

- The erbium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er: YAG) laser has been introduced as an effective method in the decontamination of implant surfaces. Data concerning the effects of the Er: YAG laser on the biological and surface properties of titanium are conflicting. Cellular behavior is greatly affected by surface properties, including composition, roughness, wettability, and morphology of the titanium surface. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the Er: YAG laser on the biocompatibility, surface roughness, and wettability of sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) titanium surfaces. Twenty-one SLA titanium disks were irradiated by the Er: YAG laser at a pulse energy of 100 mJ, with a pulse frequency of 10 Hz under water irrigation for 1 min. Cell viability, surface roughness, and wettability alterations were evaluated. Thirteen nonirradiated SLA disks were used as the control groups. Human osteoblast-like SaOs-2 cells were seeded onto the disks in culture media. Cell viability was evaluated using the methylthiazol tetrazolium assay. The surface roughness and wettability of the test and control groups were measured using profilometer and tensiometer devices, respectively. A significantly higher cell viability rate was observed in the test group (p = 0.032). The surface roughness was significantly reduced in the test group compared with the control group (p = 0.008). The surface wettability was significantly higher in the test group (p = 0.004). Within the limits of this study, the application of the Er: YAG laser with the previously described properties did not appear to have adverse effects on the biocompatibility of the SLA titanium surfaces. Application of this laser decreased the surface roughness and increased the wettability of the SLA titanium surfaces.

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(1)96 group	(11)5 measures	(21)3 region,	(31)2 eyes
(2)34 and	(12)5 participants	(22)3 system	(32)2 levels
(3)29 null	(13)4 (P	(23)3 was	(33)2 mice
(4)29 region	(14)4 in	(24)3 with	(34)2 milk-LNS,
(5)24 of	(15)4 is	(25)2 NP	(35)2 practices
(6)21 groups	(16)4 over	(26)2 activities	(36)2 strategies
(7)17 group,	(17)4 regions	(27)2 but	(37)2 were
(8)9 the	(18)4 subjects	(28)2 donkeys
(9)7 group)	(19)3 a	(29)2 donkeys,
(10)7 study	(20)3 or	(30)2 during

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--- WordNet output for control --- =>1.管理する, 制御する, 統制する, 抑える, 2.コントロール, 実験対象, 管理, 対照標準 Overview of noun control The noun control has 11 senses (first 9 from tagged texts) 1. (19) control -- (power to direct or determine; "under control") 2. (16) control -- (a relation of constraint of one entity (thing or person or group) by another; "measures for the control of disease"; "they instituted controls over drinking on campus") 3. (7) control -- ((physiology) regulation or maintenance of a function or action or reflex etc; "the timing and control of his movements were unimpaired"; "he had lost control of his sphincters") 4. (5) control condition, control -- (a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment; "the control condition was inappropriate for the conclusions he wished to draw") 5. (5) control -- (the activity of managing or exerting control over something; "the control of the mob by the police was admirable") 6. (4) dominance, ascendance, ascendence, ascendancy, ascendency, control -- (the state that exists when one person or group has power over another; "her apparent dominance of her husband was really her attempt to make him pay attention to her") 7. (3) restraint, control -- (discipline in personal and social activities; "he was a model of polite restraint"; "she never lost control of herself") 8. (2) command, control, mastery -- (great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity; "a good command of French") 9. (1) control, controller -- (a mechanism that controls the operation of a machine; "the speed controller on his turntable was not working properly"; "I turned the controls over to her") 10. control -- (a spiritual agency that is assumed to assist the medium during a seance) 11. control -- (the economic policy of controlling or limiting or curbing prices or wages etc.; "they wanted to repeal all the legislation that imposed economic controls") Overview of verb control The verb control has 8 senses (first 4 from tagged texts) 1. (28) control, command -- (exercise authoritative control or power over; "control the budget"; "Command the military forces") 2. (20) control, hold in, hold, contain, check, curb, moderate -- (lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits; "moderate your alcohol intake"; "hold your tongue"; "hold your temper"; "control your anger") 3. (7) operate, control -- (handle and cause to function; "do not operate machinery after imbibing alcohol"; "control the lever") 4. (1) manipulate, keep in line, control -- (control (others or oneself) or influence skillfully, usually to one's advantage; "She manipulates her boss"; "She is a very controlling mother and doesn't let her children grow up"; "The teacher knew how to keep the class in line"; "she keeps in line") 5. control, verify -- (check or regulate (a scientific experiment) by conducting a parallel experiment or comparing with another standard; "Are you controlling for the temperature?") 6. control -- (verify by using a duplicate register for comparison; "control an account") 7. see, check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain, assure -- (be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something; "He verified that the valves were closed"; "See that the curtains are closed"; "control the quality of the product") 8. master, control -- (have a firm understanding or knowledge of; be on top of; "Do you control these data?") --- WordNet end ---