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324863 occurrences (No.63 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]
13) Due to low concentration of cG (cyclic GMP) the channels in the outer segment open relatively less and thus the influx of calcium ion decreases, leading finally to hyperpolarization of the photoreceptors.
--- ABSTRACT ---
PMID:34870770 DOI:10.1007/s10441-021-09426-y
2021 Acta biotheoretica
* -Wave of the Electroretinogram and Iron-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Model.
- In photoreceptors of a dark adapted eye, the inward flux of sodium and calcium ions in the outer segment is balanced by the outward flux of potassium ions. But in the presence of light the creation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate in the outer segment decreases. Due to low concentration of cG (cyclic GMP) the channels in the outer segment open relatively less and thus the influx of calcium ion decreases, leading finally to hyperpolarization of the photoreceptors. We have analyzed theoretically the effect of oxidizing iron ions on the photoreceptors. In order to explain the effects of iron-induced oxidative stress, the different molecules and ions involved in phototransduction are quantified leading to a differential equation for calculating the electroretinogram a-wave voltage. The theoretical results are compared with published experimental data. In the presence of light, the iron ions could push outward the similarly charged calcium ions resulting in a small increase in the amount of inward calcium flux. Again, the presence of iron ions generates Reactive Oxygen Species, and ROS could attract the calcium ions which also increases the calcium flux. This will result in a reduction in the amplitude and slope of the a-wave voltage in the electroretinogram. These results are parametrized in terms of calcium ion concentrations. As the amplitude of the a-wave shows how much electrical signal is produced, its reduction indicates reduction in the visual signal. Thus, the increase in iron ions could explain the reduction in the electrical signal due to iron-induced oxidative stress.
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--- WordNet output for due --- =>1.予定の, 支払期日がきて, 当然支払われるべき, 2.支払[提出]期日, 満期日, 会費 Overview of noun due The noun due has 2 senses (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (4) due -- (that which is deserved or owed; "give the devil his due") 2. due -- (a payment that is due (e.g., as the price of membership); "the society dropped him for non-payment of dues") Overview of adj due The adj due has 4 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (6) due -- (owed and payable immediately or on demand; "payment is due") 2. (1) due -- (scheduled to arrive; "the train is due in 15 minutes") 3. due -- (suitable to or expected in the circumstances; "all due respect"; "due cause to honor them"; "a long due promotion"; "in due course"; "due esteem"; "exercising due care") 4. ascribable, due, imputable, referable -- (capable of being assigned or credited to; "punctuation errors ascribable to careless proofreading"; "the cancellation of the concert was due to the rain"; "the oversight was not imputable to him") Overview of adv due The adv due has 1 sense (no senses from tagged texts) 1. due -- (directly or exactly; straight; "went due North") --- WordNet end ---