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5) Due to artefact moments and instability under large compression loads, biomechanical studies impose additional constraints to circumvent the compression position-dependency in response.

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PMID:23682906 DOI:10.1080/10255842.2013.795555

2015 Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering

* Knee joint passive stiffness and moment in sagittal and frontal planes markedly increase with compression.

- Knee joints are subject to large compression forces in daily activities. Due to artefact moments and instability under large compression loads, biomechanical studies impose additional constraints to circumvent the compression position-dependency in response. To quantify the effect of compression on passive knee moment resistance and stiffness, two validated finite element models of the tibiofemoral (TF) joint, one refined with depth-dependent fibril-reinforced cartilage and the other less refined with homogeneous isotropic cartilage, are used. The unconstrained TF joint response in sagittal and frontal planes is investigated at different flexion angles (0°, 15°, 30° and 45°) up to 1800 N compression preloads. The compression is applied at a novel joint mechanical balance point (MBP) identified as a point at which the compression does not cause any coupled rotations in sagittal and frontal planes. The MBP of the unconstrained joint is located at the lateral plateau in small compressions and shifts medially towards the inter-compartmental area at larger compression forces. The compression force substantially increases the joint moment-bearing capacities and instantaneous angular rigidities in both frontal and sagittal planes. The varus-valgus laxities diminish with compression preloads despite concomitant substantial reductions in collateral ligament forces. While the angular rigidity would enhance the joint stability, the augmented passive moment resistance under compression preloads plays a role in supporting external moments and should as such be considered in the knee joint musculoskeletal models.

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--- WordNet output for due --- =>1.予定の, 支払期日がきて, 当然支払われるべき, 2.支払[提出]期日, 満期日, 会費 Overview of noun due The noun due has 2 senses (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (4) due -- (that which is deserved or owed; "give the devil his due") 2. due -- (a payment that is due (e.g., as the price of membership); "the society dropped him for non-payment of dues") Overview of adj due The adj due has 4 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (6) due -- (owed and payable immediately or on demand; "payment is due") 2. (1) due -- (scheduled to arrive; "the train is due in 15 minutes") 3. due -- (suitable to or expected in the circumstances; "all due respect"; "due cause to honor them"; "a long due promotion"; "in due course"; "due esteem"; "exercising due care") 4. ascribable, due, imputable, referable -- (capable of being assigned or credited to; "punctuation errors ascribable to careless proofreading"; "the cancellation of the concert was due to the rain"; "the oversight was not imputable to him") Overview of adv due The adv due has 1 sense (no senses from tagged texts) 1. due -- (directly or exactly; straight; "went due North") --- WordNet end ---