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283) The changes in behaviour, as reflected in effects on speed of movement, were only evident among beetles that actually harboured infective cysts and not among those carrying younger infections when the larvae within their haemocoels would have been at an earlier stage of development and not yet capable of infecting the definitive murine hosts.
* Behavioural changes in the flour beetle Tribolium confusum infected with the spirurid nematode Protospirura muricola.
- We examined changes to the behaviour of flour beetles, Tribolium confusum, infected with the rodent stomach worm, the spirurid Protospirura muricola, in the context of the 'Behavioural Manipulation Hypothesis'. Trobolium confusum infected with the third-stage infective larvae of P. muricola showed consistently altered patterns of behaviour. Relative to uninfected beetles, over a measured time period, beetles infected with P. muricola were likely to move over a shorter distance, when moving their speed of movement was slower, they were more likely to stay in the illuminated area of their environment, more likely to emerge from darkened areas into the illuminated areas, and their longevity was significantly shortened. The changes in behaviour, as reflected in effects on speed of movement, were only evident among beetles that actually harboured infective cysts and not among those carrying younger infections when the larvae within their haemocoels would have been at an earlier stage of development and not yet capable of infecting the definitive murine hosts. We discuss whether these changes would have made the beetles more susceptible to predation by rodents, and specifically by the omnivorous eastern spiny mouse, Acomys dimidiatus, the natural definitive host of this parasite in Egypt, from where the P. muricola isolate originated, and whether they support the Behavioural Manipulation Hypothesis or reflect parasite-induced pathology.
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Overview of noun effects
The noun effects has 1 sense (no senses from tagged texts)
1. effects, personal effects -- (property of a personal character that is portable but not used in
business; "she left some of her personal effects in the house"; "I watched over their effects until
they returned")
Overview of noun effect
The noun effect has 6 senses (first 5 from tagged texts)
1. (101) consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot -- (a phenomenon that follows
and is caused by some previous phenomenon; "the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was
lengthwise"; "his decision had depressing consequences for business"; "he acted very wise after the
event")
2. (11) impression, effect -- (an outward appearance; "he made a good impression"; "I wanted to
create an impression of success"; "she retained that bold effect in her reproductions of the
original painting")
3. (9) effect -- (an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived); "he just did it
for effect")
4. (2) effect, essence, burden, core, gist -- (the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary
work)
5. (1) effect, force -- ((of a law) having legal validity; "the law is still in effect")
6. effect -- (a symptom caused by an illness or a drug; "the effects of sleep loss"; "the effect of
the anesthetic")
Overview of verb effect
The verb effect has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts)
1. (17) effect, effectuate, set up -- (produce; "The scientists set up a shock wave")
2. (3) effect -- (act so as to bring into existence; "effect a change")
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