* The use of endemic Iranian plant, Echium amoenum, against the ethyl methanesulfonate and the recovery of mutagenic effects.
- In this study, potential genotoxic effects of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) that caused mutagenicity in a variety of organisms were tried to resolve by the methanol and chloroform extract of Echium amoenum (EAmet and EAchl) Fisch. & C.A. Mey. from the family of Boraginaceae, which is an endemic plant, and is used as an alternative treatment among public in Iran. Somatic mutation and recombination test with Drosophila wing was used to determine the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects in our investigations. For this purpose, 3-day-old transheterozygous larvae of mwh/flr(3) genotype of Drosophila melanogaster were used in all our experiments. The larvae were fed chronically on the Drosophila instant medium (DIM) including 1 ppm EMS. However, in another application group, different concentrations (1, 2 and 4 ppm) of EAmet and EAchl were added to DIM including 1 ppm EMS (EMS + EAmet and EMS + EAchl). Then, for the matured individuals, wing preparates were prepared within the mediums that include control group that has only DIM, negative control group that contains dimethyl sulfoxide and application groups in different concentrations that contain EMS, EMS + EAmet and EMS + EAchl. Clone induction frequency for the normal wing phenotype of EMS application group was observed to be 2.00. In the EMS + EAmet application group, the value of 1 ppm EAmet is 1.49, value of 2 ppm EAmet is 1.08 and value of 4 ppm EAmet is 0.72; in the EMS + EAchl application group, the value of 1 ppm is EAchl 1.33, value of 2 ppm EAchl is 0.67 and value of 4 ppm EAchl is 0.56 were determined. This decrease observed between EMS and all application groups in terms of total induction frequency is statistically significant (p < 0.05). These results concluded that chloroform extracts were more effective than the methanol extracts of E. amoenum.
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Overview of noun effects
The noun effects has 1 sense (no senses from tagged texts)
1. effects, personal effects -- (property of a personal character that is portable but not used in
business; "she left some of her personal effects in the house"; "I watched over their effects until
they returned")
Overview of noun effect
The noun effect has 6 senses (first 5 from tagged texts)
1. (101) consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot -- (a phenomenon that follows
and is caused by some previous phenomenon; "the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was
lengthwise"; "his decision had depressing consequences for business"; "he acted very wise after the
event")
2. (11) impression, effect -- (an outward appearance; "he made a good impression"; "I wanted to
create an impression of success"; "she retained that bold effect in her reproductions of the
original painting")
3. (9) effect -- (an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived); "he just did it
for effect")
4. (2) effect, essence, burden, core, gist -- (the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary
work)
5. (1) effect, force -- ((of a law) having legal validity; "the law is still in effect")
6. effect -- (a symptom caused by an illness or a drug; "the effects of sleep loss"; "the effect of
the anesthetic")
Overview of verb effect
The verb effect has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts)
1. (17) effect, effectuate, set up -- (produce; "The scientists set up a shock wave")
2. (3) effect -- (act so as to bring into existence; "effect a change")
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