ELIZA

return kwic search for effects out of >500 occurrences
566982 occurrences (No.17 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

441) The analogy between meta-analysis and springs facilitates intuition for notions such as heterogeneity and the differences between fixed and random effects meta-analysis.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:33264498 DOI:10.1002/jrsm.1470

2021 Research synthesis methods

* Meta-analysis as a system of springs.

- Meta-analysis results are usually presented in forest plots, which show the individual study results and the summary effect along with their confidence intervals. In this paper, we propose a system of linear springs as a mechanical analogue of meta-analysis that enables visualization and enhances intuition. The length of a spring corresponds to a study treatment effect and the stiffness of the spring corresponds to its inverse variance. To synthesize study springs we use two main operations: connection in parallel and connection in series. We show the equivalence between meta-analysis and linear springs for fixed effect and random effects pairwise meta-analysis and we also derive indirect treatment effects. We use examples to illustrate the different meta-analytical schemes using the corresponding system of springs. The proposed visualization can serve as an educational tool, especially useful for researchers with no statistical background. The analogy between meta-analysis and springs facilitates intuition for notions such as heterogeneity and the differences between fixed and random effects meta-analysis.

--- ABSTRACT END ---

[
right
kwic]

[frequency of next (right) word to effects]

(1)230 of	(8)6 between	(15)3 may	(22)2 from
(2)71 on	(9)6 such	(16)3 model	(23)2 meta-analysis
(3)34 null	(10)5 is	(17)3 that	(24)2 or
(4)22 in	(11)3 at	(18)3 with	(25)2 reported
(5)12 were	(12)3 but	(19)2 against
(6)11 and	(13)3 by	(20)2 as
(7)10 are	(14)3 can	(21)2 for

add keyword

--- WordNet output for effects --- =>個人資産 Overview of noun effects The noun effects has 1 sense (no senses from tagged texts) 1. effects, personal effects -- (property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business; "she left some of her personal effects in the house"; "I watched over their effects until they returned") Overview of noun effect The noun effect has 6 senses (first 5 from tagged texts) 1. (101) consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot -- (a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon; "the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise"; "his decision had depressing consequences for business"; "he acted very wise after the event") 2. (11) impression, effect -- (an outward appearance; "he made a good impression"; "I wanted to create an impression of success"; "she retained that bold effect in her reproductions of the original painting") 3. (9) effect -- (an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived); "he just did it for effect") 4. (2) effect, essence, burden, core, gist -- (the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work) 5. (1) effect, force -- ((of a law) having legal validity; "the law is still in effect") 6. effect -- (a symptom caused by an illness or a drug; "the effects of sleep loss"; "the effect of the anesthetic") Overview of verb effect The verb effect has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (17) effect, effectuate, set up -- (produce; "The scientists set up a shock wave") 2. (3) effect -- (act so as to bring into existence; "effect a change") --- WordNet end ---