ELIZA

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295043 occurrences (No.82 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

340) However, little is known about the mechanism of meiotic initiation in germ cells, although many factors may be responsible for meiosis both in male and female gonads.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:24209976 DOI:10.1071/RD13281

2015 Reproduction, fertility, and development

* Exposure to Brefeldin A promotes initiation of meiosis in murine female germ cells.

- In mammals, ontogenesis starts from a fusion of spermatozoon and oocyte, which are produced by reductive nuclear division of a diploid germ cell in a specialised but complex biological process known as meiosis. However, little is known about the mechanism of meiotic initiation in germ cells, although many factors may be responsible for meiosis both in male and female gonads. In this study, 11.5 days post coitum (dpc) female fetal mouse genital ridges were cultured in vitro with exposure to Brefeldin A (BFA) for 6h, and the changes in meiosis were detected. Synaptonemal-complex analysis implied that BFA played a positive role in meiosis initiation and this hypothesis was confirmed by quantitative PCR of meiosis-specific genes: stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 (Stra8) and deleted in a zoospermia-like (DAZL). At the same time, mRNA expression of retinoic acid synthetase (Raldh2) and retinoic acid (RA) receptors increased in female gonads with in vitro exposure to BFA. Transplanting genital ridges treated with BFA into the kidney capsule of immunodeficient mice demonstrated that the development capacity of female germ cells was normal, while formation of primordial follicles was seen to be a result of accelerated meiosis after exposure to BFA. In conclusion, the study indicated that BFA stimulated meiosis initiation partly by RA signalling and then promoted the development of follicles.

--- ABSTRACT END ---

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(1)62 for	(12)10 related	(23)3 using	(34)2 during
(2)44 null	(13)8 on	(24)3 which	(35)2 from
(3)36 that	(14)7 have	(25)3 with	(36)2 including
(4)34 associated	(15)7 such	(26)2 (age,	(37)2 independently
(5)31 and	(16)6 may	(27)2 along	(38)2 involved
(6)29 in	(17)4 influence	(28)2 as	(39)2 jointly
(7)20 were	(18)4 significantly	(29)2 c-Jun	(40)2 other
(8)14 influencing	(19)4 to	(30)2 can	(41)2 produced
(9)13 are	(20)3 across	(31)2 contribute	(42)2 was
(10)13 of	(21)3 among	(32)2 contributing
(11)10 affecting	(22)3 like	(33)2 diagnostic

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--- WordNet output for factors --- Overview of noun factor The noun factor has 7 senses (first 4 from tagged texts) 1. (31) factor -- (anything that contributes causally to a result; "a number of factors determined the outcome") 2. (8) component, constituent, element, factor, ingredient -- (an abstract part of something; "jealousy was a component of his character"; "two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony"; "the grammatical elements of a sentence"; "a key factor in her success"; "humor: an effective ingredient of a speech") 3. (4) divisor, factor -- (one of two or more integers that can be exactly divided into another integer; "what are the 4 factors of 6?") 4. (1) agent, factor, broker -- (a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission) 5. factor -- (any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together) 6. factor -- (an independent variable in statistics) 7. gene, cistron, factor -- ((genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity; "genes were formerly called factors") Overview of verb factor The verb factor has 3 senses (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (2) factor, factor in, factor out -- (resolve into factors; "a quantum computer can factor the number 15") 2. factor -- (be a contributing factor; "make things factor into a company's profitability") 3. factor, factor in, factor out -- (consider as relevant when making a decision; "You must factor in the recent developments") --- WordNet end ---