ELIZA

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295043 occurrences (No.82 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

355) We present the first study to investigate the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the striking diversity of dewlap color and pattern in Anolis lizards.

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PMID:24078680 DOI:10.1093/jhered/est060

2015 The Journal of heredity

* The role of heritable and dietary factors in the sexual signal of a Hispaniolan Anolis lizard, Anolis distichus.

- The diversity of sexual signals is astounding, and divergence in these traits is believed to be associated with the early stages of speciation. An increasing number of studies also suggest a role for natural selection in driving signal divergence for effective transmission in heterogeneous environments. Both speciation and adaptive divergence, however, are contingent on the sexual signal being heritable, yet this often remains assumed and untested. It is particularly critical that the heritability of carotenoid-based sexual signals is investigated because such traits may instead be phenotypically plastic indicators of an individual's quality that exhibit no or little heritable variation. We present the first study to investigate the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the striking diversity of dewlap color and pattern in Anolis lizards. Using a breeding experiment with Anolis distichus populations exhibiting different dewlap phenotypes, we raise F1 offspring in a common garden experiment to assess whether dewlap color is inherited. We follow this with carotenoid supplementation to investigate the influence of dietary pigments to dewlap color variation. We find significant differences in several aspects of dewlap color and pattern to persist to the F1 generation (fathers: N = 19; F1 males: N = 50; P < 0.01) with no change in dewlap phenotype with carotenoid supplementation (N = 52; P > 0.05). These results strongly support that genetic differences underlie dewlap color variation, thereby satisfying a key requirement of natural selection. Our findings provide an important stepping-stone to understanding the evolution of an incredibly diverse signal important for sexual selection and species recognition.

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(1)62 for	(12)10 related	(23)3 using	(34)2 during
(2)44 null	(13)8 on	(24)3 which	(35)2 from
(3)36 that	(14)7 have	(25)3 with	(36)2 including
(4)34 associated	(15)7 such	(26)2 (age,	(37)2 independently
(5)31 and	(16)6 may	(27)2 along	(38)2 involved
(6)29 in	(17)4 influence	(28)2 as	(39)2 jointly
(7)20 were	(18)4 significantly	(29)2 c-Jun	(40)2 other
(8)14 influencing	(19)4 to	(30)2 can	(41)2 produced
(9)13 are	(20)3 across	(31)2 contribute	(42)2 was
(10)13 of	(21)3 among	(32)2 contributing
(11)10 affecting	(22)3 like	(33)2 diagnostic

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--- WordNet output for factors --- Overview of noun factor The noun factor has 7 senses (first 4 from tagged texts) 1. (31) factor -- (anything that contributes causally to a result; "a number of factors determined the outcome") 2. (8) component, constituent, element, factor, ingredient -- (an abstract part of something; "jealousy was a component of his character"; "two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony"; "the grammatical elements of a sentence"; "a key factor in her success"; "humor: an effective ingredient of a speech") 3. (4) divisor, factor -- (one of two or more integers that can be exactly divided into another integer; "what are the 4 factors of 6?") 4. (1) agent, factor, broker -- (a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission) 5. factor -- (any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together) 6. factor -- (an independent variable in statistics) 7. gene, cistron, factor -- ((genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity; "genes were formerly called factors") Overview of verb factor The verb factor has 3 senses (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (2) factor, factor in, factor out -- (resolve into factors; "a quantum computer can factor the number 15") 2. factor -- (be a contributing factor; "make things factor into a company's profitability") 3. factor, factor in, factor out -- (consider as relevant when making a decision; "You must factor in the recent developments") --- WordNet end ---