ELIZA

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378430 occurrences (No.48 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

8) Here we quantify changes in liver gene expression across several distinct physiological states of hibernation in 13-lined ground squirrels, using RNA-seq to measure the steady-state transcriptome and GRO-seq to measure transcription for the first time in a hibernator.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:34093224 DOI:10.3389/fphys.2021.662132

2021 Frontiers in physiology

* Liver Transcriptome Dynamics During Hibernation Are Shaped by a Shifting Balance Between Transcription and RNA Stability.

- Hibernators dramatically lower metabolism to save energy while fasting for months. Prolonged fasting challenges metabolic homeostasis, yet small-bodied hibernators emerge each spring ready to resume all aspects of active life, including immediate reproduction. The liver is the body's metabolic hub, processing and detoxifying macromolecules to provide essential fuels to brain, muscle and other organs throughout the body. Here we quantify changes in liver gene expression across several distinct physiological states of hibernation in 13-lined ground squirrels, using RNA-seq to measure the steady-state transcriptome and GRO-seq to measure transcription for the first time in a hibernator. Our data capture key timepoints in both the seasonal and torpor-arousal cycles of hibernation. Strong positive correlation between transcription and the transcriptome indicates that transcriptional control dominates the known seasonal reprogramming of metabolic gene expression in liver for hibernation. During the torpor-arousal cycle, however, discordance develops between transcription and the steady-state transcriptome by at least two mechanisms: 1) although not transcribed during torpor, some transcripts are unusually stable across the torpor bout; and 2) unexpectedly, on some genes, our data suggest continuing, slow elongation with a failure to terminate transcription across the torpor bout. While the steady-state RNAs corresponding to these read through transcripts did not increase during torpor, they did increase shortly after rewarming despite their simultaneously low transcription. Both of these mechanisms would assure the immediate availability of functional transcripts upon rewarming. Integration of transcriptional, post-transcriptional and RNA stability control mechanisms, all demonstrated in these data, likely initiate a serial gene expression program across the short euthermic period that restores the tissue and prepares the animal for the next bout of torpor.

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(1)23 time	(17)5 reported	(35)3 two	(52)2 pandemic
(2)21 to	(18)4 6	(36)3 used	(53)2 part
(3)13 treatment	(19)4 attendance,	(37)3 years	(54)2 place
(4)12 step	(20)4 few	(38)2 2	(55)2 post-operative
(5)11 and	(21)4 responders	(40)2 Aid	(56)2 psychosis
(6)11 study	(23)3 3	(41)2 a	(57)2 quarter
(7)11 time,	(25)3 attendance	(42)2 attempt	(58)2 responders,
(8)10 we	(26)3 author,	(43)2 author	(59)2 review
(9)8 aid	(27)3 evidence	(44)2 confirmed	(60)2 round
(10)7 Affiliated	(28)3 in	(45)2 define	(61)2 six
(11)6 line	(29)3 kinetics	(46)2 detected	(62)2 third,
(12)6 report	(30)3 of	(47)2 dose,	(63)2 three
(13)6 scoping	(31)3 phase	(48)2 edition	(64)2 treatment,
(14)6 stage	(32)3 set	(49)2 hour	(65)2 visit
(15)6 year	(33)3 stage,	(50)2 it	(66)2 wave
(16)5 identified	(34)3 systematic	(51)2 list

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--- WordNet output for first --- =>初めて, 最初の, 第一の, はじめに, 最初, 第1 Overview of noun first The noun first has 6 senses (first 4 from tagged texts) 1. (9) first, number one -- (the first or highest in an ordering or series; "He wanted to be the first") 2. (5) first, number one, number 1 -- (the first element in a countable series; "the first of the month") 3. (1) beginning, commencement, first, outset, get-go, start, kickoff, starting time, showtime, offset -- (the time at which something is supposed to begin; "they got an early start"; "she knew from the get-go that he was the man for her") 4. (1) first base, first -- (the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed at first of the bases in the infield (counting counterclockwise from home plate)) 5. first, first-class honours degree -- (an honours degree of the highest class) 6. first gear, first, low gear, low -- (the lowest forward gear ratio in the gear box of a motor vehicle; used to start a car moving) Overview of adj first The adj first has 6 senses (first 5 from tagged texts) 1. (232) first -- (preceding all others in time or space or degree; "the first house on the right"; "the first day of spring"; "his first political race"; "her first baby"; "the first time"; "the first meetings of the new party"; "the first phase of his training") 2. (61) first, 1st -- (indicating the beginning unit in a series) 3. (4) inaugural, initiative, initiatory, first, maiden -- (serving to set in motion; "the magazine's inaugural issue"; "the initiative phase in the negotiations"; "an initiatory step toward a treaty"; "his first (or maiden) speech in Congress"; "the liner's maiden voyage") 4. (4) beginning, first -- (serving to begin; "the beginning canto of the poem"; "the first verse") 5. (3) first, foremost, world-class -- (ranking above all others; "was first in her class"; "the foremost figure among marine artists"; "the top graduate") 6. first -- (highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections; "first soprano"; "the first violin section"; "played first horn") Overview of adv first The adv first has 4 senses (first 4 from tagged texts) 1. (58) first, firstly, foremost, first of all, first off -- (before anything else; "first we must consider the garter snake") 2. (40) first, for the first time -- (the initial time; "when Felix first saw a garter snake") 3. (9) first -- (before another in time, space, or importance; "I was here first"; "let's do this job first") 4. (4) foremost, first -- (prominently forward; "he put his best foot foremost") --- WordNet end ---