ELIZA

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288503 occurrences (No.86 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

342) Juvenile females and adults underwent expected changes in systolic function with higher heart rate, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:33651247 DOI:10.1007/s11357-021-00345-x

2021 GeroScience

* Cardiac response to adrenergic stress differs by sex and across the lifespan.

- The aging heart is well-characterized by a diminished responsiveness to adrenergic activation. However, the precise mechanisms by which age and sex impact adrenergic-mediated cardiac function remain poorly described. In the current investigation, we compared the cardiac response to adrenergic stress to gain mechanistic understanding of how the response to an adrenergic challenge differs by sex and age. Juvenile (4 weeks), adult (4-6 months), and aged (18-20 months) male and female mice were treated with the β-agonist isoproterenol (ISO) for 1 week. ISO-induced morphometric changes were age- and sex-dependent as juvenile and adult mice of both sexes had higher left ventricle weights while aged mice did not increase cardiac mass. Adults increased myocyte cell size and deposited fibrotic matrix in response to ISO, while juvenile and aged animals did not show evidence of hypertrophy or fibrosis. Juvenile females and adults underwent expected changes in systolic function with higher heart rate, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening. However, cardiac function in aged animals was not altered in response to ISO. Transcriptomic analysis identified significant differences in gene expression by age and sex, with few overlapping genes and pathways between groups. Fibrotic and adrenergic signaling pathways were upregulated in adult hearts. Juvenile hearts upregulated genes in the adrenergic pathway with few changes in fibrosis, while aged mice robustly upregulated fibrotic gene expression without changes in adrenergic genes. We suggest that the response to adrenergic stress significantly differs across the lifespan and by sex. Mechanistic definition of these age-related pathways by sex is critical for future research aimed at treating age-related cardiac adrenergic desensitization.

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(1)86 null	(9)5 following	(17)3 mutations	(25)2 for
(2)72 of	(10)5 was	(18)3 not	(26)2 have
(3)68 and	(11)5 with	(19)3 were	(27)2 including
(4)63 in	(12)4 by	(20)3 which	(28)2 measures
(5)16 is	(13)4 has	(21)2 after	(29)2 or
(6)13 as	(14)4 tests	(22)2 among	(30)2 quality
(7)5 are	(15)4 to	(23)2 data	(31)2 that
(8)5 associated	(16)3 at	(24)2 during	(32)2 variants

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--- WordNet output for function --- =>1.機能, 関数, 役割, 働き, 2.機能する, 作用する, 働く, 役目を果たす, 3.社交的会合, パーティー, 儀式 Overview of noun function The noun function has 7 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (43) function, mathematical function, single-valued function, map, mapping -- ((mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function)) 2. (24) function, purpose, role, use -- (what something is used for; "the function of an auger is to bore holes"; "ballet is beautiful but what use is it?") 3. (7) function, office, part, role -- (the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group; "the function of a teacher"; "the government must do its part"; "play its role") 4. function -- (a relation such that one thing is dependent on another; "height is a function of age"; "price is a function of supply and demand") 5. function -- (a formal or official social gathering or ceremony; "it was a black-tie function") 6. affair, occasion, social occasion, function, social function -- (a vaguely specified social event; "the party was quite an affair"; "an occasion arranged to honor the president"; "a seemingly endless round of social functions") 7. routine, subroutine, subprogram, procedure, function -- (a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program) Overview of verb function The verb function has 3 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (9) function, work, operate, go, run -- (perform as expected when applied; "The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in"; "Does this old car still run well?"; "This old radio doesn't work anymore") 2. (3) serve, function -- (serve a purpose, role, or function; "The tree stump serves as a table"; "The female students served as a control group"; "This table would serve very well"; "His freedom served him well"; "The table functions as a desk") 3. (1) officiate, function -- (perform duties attached to a particular office or place or function; "His wife officiated as his private secretary") --- WordNet end ---