ELIZA cgi-bash version rev. 1.90
- Medical English LInking keywords finder for the PubMed Zipped Archive (ELIZA) -

return kwic search for further out of >500 occurrences
298283 occurrences (No.79 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found
216) We further investigate analytic approaches in logistic regression for data with separation, as is the case in our example data set, and apply appropriate methods to identify predictors of EGFR mutation.
--- ABSTRACT ---
PMID:22246415 DOI:10.1177/0962280211434179
2015 Statistical methods in medical research
* Simpson's paradox - aggregating and partitioning populations in health disparities of lung cancer patients.
- It is well known that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous group of diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated genetic variation among different ethnic groups in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in NSCLC. Research by our group and others has recently shown a lower frequency of EGFR mutations in African Americans with NSCLC, as compared to their White counterparts. In this study, we use our original study data of EGFR pathway genetics in African American NSCLC as an example to illustrate that univariate analyses based on aggregation versus partition of data leads to contradictory results, in order to emphasize the importance of controlling statistical confounding. We further investigate analytic approaches in logistic regression for data with separation, as is the case in our example data set, and apply appropriate methods to identify predictors of EGFR mutation. Our simulation shows that with separated or nearly separated data, penalized maximum likelihood (PML) produces estimates with smallest bias and approximately maintains the nominal value with statistical power equal to or better than that from maximum likelihood and exact conditional likelihood methods. Application of the PML method in our example data set shows that race and EGFR-FISH are independently significant predictors of EGFR mutation.
--- ABSTRACT END ---
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(1)39 studies (16)4 developed (31)2 analyses (46)2 insights
(2)32 research (17)4 in (32)2 analyzed (47)2 monitoring
(3)18 investigation (18)4 supported (33)2 application (48)2 optimization
(4)18 study (19)3 *null* (34)2 as (49)2 prospective
(5)11 the (20)3 a (35)2 assessed (50)2 protection
(6)10 investigations (21)3 clinical (36)2 complications (51)2 spread
(7)8 analysis (22)3 evaluation (37)2 divided (52)2 suggests
(8)7 evidence (23)3 exploration (38)2 elucidate (53)2 supporting
(9)7 phylogenetic (24)3 explore (39)2 enhance (54)2 supports
(10)6 explored (25)3 for (40)2 episodes (55)2 taxonomic
(11)5 development (26)3 increased (41)2 evaluated (56)2 that
(12)5 support (27)3 investigate (42)2 examination (57)2 used
(13)5 validation (28)3 molecular (43)2 identification
(14)4 by (29)3 understand (44)2 improvement
(15)4 confirmed (30)2 advances (45)2 increase

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--- WordNet output for further --- =>1.さらにずっと, さらに先に, 一層遠く, その上, 更に, もっと遠い, なお一層の, さらに遠く, もっと先に, いっそうはるかに, さらにまた, さらになお(furthermore), 2.進める, 助成する, 促進する Overview of verb further The verb further has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (7) foster, further -- (promote the growth of; "Foster our children's well-being and education") 2. (2) promote, advance, boost, further, encourage -- (contribute to the progress or growth of; "I am promoting the use of computers in the classroom") Overview of adj further The adj further has 1 sense (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (2) further, farther -- (more distant in especially degree; "nothing could be further from the truth"; "further from our expectations"; "farther from the truth"; "farther from our expectations") Overview of adv further The adv further has 3 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (33) further, farther -- (to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (`further' is used more often than `farther' in this abstract sense); "further complicated by uncertainty about the future"; "let's not discuss it further"; "nothing could be further from the truth"; "they are further along in their research than we expected"; "the application of the law was extended farther"; "he is going no farther in his studies") 2. (10) further -- (in addition or furthermore; "if we further suppose"; "stated further that he would not cooperate with them"; "they are definitely coming; further, they should be here already") 3. (1) farther, further -- (to or at a greater distance in time or space (`farther' is used more frequently than `further' in this physical sense); "farther north"; "moved farther away"; "farther down the corridor"; "the practice may go back still farther to the Druids"; "went only three miles further"; "further in the future") Overview of adv far The adv far has 5 senses (first 4 from tagged texts) 1. (61) far -- (to a considerable degree; very much; "a far far better thing that I do"; "felt far worse than yesterday"; "eyes far too close together") 2. (39) far -- (at or to or from a great distance in space; "he traveled far"; "strayed far from home"; "sat far away from each other") 3. (22) far -- (at or to a certain point or degree; "I can only go so far before I have to give up"; "how far can we get with this kind of argument?") 4. (3) far -- (remote in time; "if we could see far into the future"; "all that happened far in the past") 5. far -- (to an advanced stage or point; "a young man who will go very far") --- WordNet end ---