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309169 occurrences (No.70 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

380) Comparison with the expression levels in a low producer, show much lower induction at the end of the exponential growth phase.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:24504562 DOI:10.1007/s10616-013-9678-8

2015 Cytotechnology

* Dynamics of unfolded protein response in recombinant CHO cells.

- Genes in the protein secretion pathway have been targeted to increase productivity of monoclonal antibodies in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The results have been highly variable depending on the cell type and the relative amount of recombinant and target proteins. This paper presents a comprehensive study encompassing major components of the protein processing pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to elucidate its role in recombinant cells. mRNA profiles of all major ER chaperones and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway genes are measured at a series of time points in a high-producing cell line under the dynamic environment of a batch culture. An initial increase in IgG heavy chain mRNA levels correlates with an increase in productivity. We observe a parallel increase in the expression levels of majority of chaperones. The chaperone levels continue to increase until the end of the batch culture. In contrast, calreticulin and ERO1-L alpha, two of the lowest expressed genes exhibit transient time profiles, with peak induction on day 3. In response to increased ER stress, both the GCN2/PKR-like ER kinase and inositol-requiring enzyme-1alpha (Ire1α) signalling branch of the UPR are upregulated. Interestingly, spliced X-Box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) transcription factor from Ire1α pathway is detected from the beginning of the batch culture. Comparison with the expression levels in a low producer, show much lower induction at the end of the exponential growth phase. Thus, the unfolded protein response strongly correlates with the magnitude and timing of stress in the course of the batch culture.

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[frequency of next (right) word to growth]

(1)69 and	(12)5 at	(25)3 models	(36)2 model
(2)48 factor	(13)4 but	(26)3 or	(37)2 modeling
(3)48 of	(14)4 during	(27)3 traits	(38)2 outcomes
(4)41 null	(15)4 factor,	(28)3 trajectories	(39)2 phase
(5)32 in	(17)4 patterns	(29)2 among	(40)2 properties
(6)25 factors	(18)4 plate	(30)2 are	(41)2 responses
(7)9 inhibition	(19)4 response	(31)2 as	(42)2 restriction
(8)8 rate	(20)4 was	(32)2 dynamics	(43)2 stunting
(9)6 factors,	(21)3 cone	(33)2 effects	(44)2 to
(10)6 rates	(22)3 curve	(34)2 forest	(45)2 velocities
(11)5 arrest	(23)3 factor-C	(35)2 hormone	(46)2 were

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--- WordNet output for growth --- =>茂み, 成長, 増加, 発展, 栽培, 腫よう, 成長物 Overview of noun growth The noun growth has 7 senses (first 5 from tagged texts) 1. (37) growth, growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis -- ((biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level; "he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children") 2. (20) growth -- (a progression from simpler to more complex forms; "the growth of culture") 3. (3) increase, increment, growth -- (a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important; "the increase in unemployment"; "the growth of population") 4. (3) growth -- (vegetation that has grown; "a growth of trees"; "the only growth was some salt grass") 5. (1) emergence, outgrowth, growth -- (the gradual beginning or coming forth; "figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece") 6. growth -- ((pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)) 7. growth -- (something grown or growing; "a growth of hair") --- WordNet end ---