ELIZA

return kwic search for including out of >500 occurrences
468001 occurrences (No.36 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

72) Exosomes are membrane vesicles released by various cell types into the extracellular space under different conditions including alcohol exposure.

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PMID:35096820 DOI:10.3389/fcell.2021.787356

2021 Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

* Alcohol Promotes Exosome Biogenesis and Release via Modulating Rabs and miR-192 Expression in Human Hepatocytes.

- Exosomes are membrane vesicles released by various cell types into the extracellular space under different conditions including alcohol exposure. Exosomes are involved in intercellular communication and as mediators of various diseases. Alcohol use causes oxidative stress that promotes exosome secretion. Here, we elucidated the effects of alcohol on exosome biogenesis and secretion using human hepatocytes. We found that alcohol treatment induces the expression of genes involved in various steps of exosome formation. Expression of Rab proteins such as Rab1a, Rab5c, Rab6, Rab10, Rab11, Rab27a and Rab35 were increased at the mRNA level in primary human hepatocytes after alcohol treatment. Rab5, Rab6 and Rab11 showed significant induction in the livers of patients with alcohol-associated liver disease. Further, alcohol treatment also led to the induction of syntenin, vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMPs), and syntaxin that all play various roles in exosome biogenesis and secretion. VAMP3, VAMP5, VAPb, and syntaxin16 mRNA transcripts were increased in alcohol treated cells and in the livers of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) patients. Induction in these genes was associated with increases in exosome secretion in alcohol treated hepatocytes. We found that hepatocyte enriched miR-192 and miR-122 levels were significantly decreased in alcohol treated hepatocytes whereas their levels were increased in the cell-free supernatant. The primary transcripts of miR-192 and miR-122 were reduced in alcohol treated hepatocytes, suggesting alcohol partially affects these miRNAs at the transcriptional level. We found that miR-192 has putative binding sites for genes involved in exosome secretion. Inhibition of miR-192 in human hepatoma cells caused a significant increase in Rab27a, Rab35, syntaxin7 and syntaxin16 and a concurrent increase in exosome secretion, suggesting miR-192 regulates exosomes release in hepatocytes. Collectively, our results reveal that alcohol modulates Rabs, VAMPs and syntaxins directly and partly via miR-192 to induce exosome machinery and release.

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[frequency of next (right) word to including]

(1)48 the	(10)3 its	(19)2 disease	(28)2 respiratory
(2)8 a	(11)3 social	(20)2 factors	(29)2 searches
(3)6 an	(12)3 those	(21)2 health	(30)2 severe
(4)4 their	(13)2 Dice	(22)2 hypertension,	(31)2 specific
(5)4 three	(14)2 PubMed,	(23)2 in	(32)2 stem
(6)3 alcohol	(15)2 assessment	(24)2 increased	(33)2 studies
(7)3 but	(16)2 behavioral,	(25)2 multiple
(8)3 cancer	(17)2 both	(26)2 patients
(9)3 healthcare	(18)2 development	(27)2 physical

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--- WordNet output for including --- =>含む Overview of verb include The verb include has 4 senses (first 4 from tagged texts) 1. (234) include -- (have as a part, be made up out of; "The list includes the names of many famous writers") 2. (32) include -- (consider as part of something; "I include you in the list of culprits") 3. (18) include -- (add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category; "We must include this chemical element in the group") 4. (8) admit, let in, include -- (allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of; "admit someone to the profession"; "She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar") --- WordNet end ---