ELIZA

return kwic search for increase out of >500 occurrences
611425 occurrences (No.13 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

446) Animal models for risk-based decision making can increase mechanistic understanding, but very little data is available concerning the effects of sleep.

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PMID:33498259 DOI:10.3390/clockssleep3010003

2021 Clocks & sleep

* Risk-Based Decision Making: A Systematic Scoping Review of Animal Models and a Pilot Study on the Effects of Sleep Deprivation in Rats.

- Animals, including humans, frequently make decisions involving risk or uncertainty. Different strategies in these decisions can be advantageous depending the circumstances. Short sleep duration seems to be associated with more risky decisions in humans. Animal models for risk-based decision making can increase mechanistic understanding, but very little data is available concerning the effects of sleep. We combined primary- and meta-research to explore the relationship between sleep and risk-based decision making in animals. Our first objective was to create an overview of the available animal models for risky decision making. We performed a systematic scoping review. Our searches in Pubmed and Psychinfo retrieved 712 references, of which 235 were included. Animal models for risk-based decision making have been described for rodents, non-human primates, birds, pigs and honey-bees. We discuss task designs and model validity. Our second objective was to apply this knowledge and perform a pilot study on the effect of sleep deprivation. We trained and tested male Wistar rats on a probability discounting task; a "safe" lever always resulted in 1 reward, a "risky" lever resulted in 4 or no rewards. Rats adapted their preferences to variations in reward probabilities (p < 0.001), but 12 h of sleep deprivation during the light phase did not clearly alter risk preference (p = 0.21).

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(1)204 in	(7)5 was	(13)3 health	(19)2 range
(2)67 the	(8)4 their	(14)3 on	(20)2 significantly
(3)31 of	(9)4 with	(15)2 null	(21)2 tumor
(4)8 our	(10)3 PrEP	(16)2 by
(5)6 risk	(11)3 access	(17)2 muscle
(6)5 and	(12)3 from	(18)2 over

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--- WordNet output for increase --- =>大きくなる, を増す, 増大させる, 強まる, 増加, 増える, 増やす Overview of noun increase The noun increase has 5 senses (first 5 from tagged texts) 1. (49) addition, increase, gain -- (a quantity that is added; "there was an addition to property taxes this year"; "they recorded the cattle's gain in weight over a period of weeks") 2. (21) increase -- (a change resulting in an increase; "the increase is scheduled for next month") 3. (7) increase, increment, growth -- (a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important; "the increase in unemployment"; "the growth of population") 4. (3) increase, increment -- (the amount by which something increases; "they proposed an increase of 15 percent in the fare") 5. (3) increase, step-up -- (the act of increasing something; "he gave me an increase in salary") Overview of verb increase The verb increase has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (86) increase -- (become bigger or greater in amount; "The amount of work increased") 2. (61) increase -- (make bigger or more; "The boss finally increased her salary"; "The university increased the number of students it admitted") --- WordNet end ---