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501283 occurrences (No.27 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found
24) RNA in collagen gels was extracted immediately after compression and mRNA expression levels of HAS genes were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR.
--- ABSTRACT ---
PMID:24287612 DOI:10.1007/s10616-013-9669-9
2015 Cytotechnology
* Hyaluronic acid secretion by synoviocytes alters under cyclic compressive load in contracted collagen gels.
- Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease of diarthrodial joints. Biomechanical factors are considered as risk factors for the disease, the knee joint being normally subject to pressure. Some studies have examined the biomechanical environment of the knee joint in vitro. The aim of this study was to establish a culture model to mimic the knee joint environment. As a first step, synoviocytes induced contraction of three-dimensional collagen gels. Next, contracted collagen gels containing synoviocytes underwent cyclical compression ranging from 0 to 40 kPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 1.5, 3, 6 and 12 h using the FX-4000C™ Flexercell(®) Compression Plus™ System. RNA in collagen gels was extracted immediately after compression and mRNA expression levels of HAS genes were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Culture medium was collected 48 h after compression and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Synoviocytes in contracted collagen gels were stimulated by cyclic compressive load. Long-term compressive stimulation led to the production of higher molecular weight hyaluronic acid, whereas, short-term, compressive stimulation increased the total amount of hyaluronic acid. Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of both HAS-1 and HAS-2 were significantly higher than without compression. Taken together, using this gel culture system, synoviocytes synthesized higher molecular weight hyaluronic acid and produced large quantities of hyaluronic acid through up-regulation of HAS gene expression. Therefore, the contracted collagen gel model will be a useful in vitro three-dimensional model of the knee joint.
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--- WordNet output for levels --- Overview of noun level The noun level has 8 senses (first 6 from tagged texts) 1. (69) degree, grade, level -- (a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality; "a moderate grade of intelligence"; "a high level of care is required"; "it is all a matter of degree") 2. (22) grade, level, tier -- (a relative position or degree of value in a graded group; "lumber of the highest grade") 3. (15) degree, level, stage, point -- (a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process; "a remarkable degree of frankness"; "at what stage are the social sciences?") 4. (5) level -- (height above ground; "the water reached ankle level"; "the pictures were at the same level") 5. (1) level, spirit level -- (indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid) 6. (1) horizontal surface, level -- (a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line; "park the car on the level") 7. level, layer, stratum -- (an abstract place usually conceived as having depth; "a good actor communicates on several levels"; "a simile has at least two layers of meaning"; "the mind functions on many strata simultaneously") 8. floor, level, storey, story -- (a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale; "what level is the office on?") Overview of verb level The verb level has 6 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (4) level -- (aim at; "level criticism or charges at somebody") 2. (1) level, raze, rase, dismantle, tear down, take down, pull down -- (tear down so as to make flat with the ground; "The building was levelled") 3. (1) flush, level, even out, even -- (make level or straight; "level the ground") 4. charge, level, point -- (direct into a position for use; "point a gun"; "He charged his weapon at me") 5. level -- (talk frankly with; lay it on the line; "I have to level with you") 6. level, level off -- (become level or even; "The ground levelled off") --- WordNet end ---