ELIZA

return kwic search for levels out of >500 occurrences
501283 occurrences (No.27 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

326) Using a phone-based app, students completed daily ratings of mood, perceived stress levels, and engagement in a number of health promotion activities (exercise, mindfulness, adequate sleep, etc.) throughout the semester both before and after the onset of the pandemic (e.g., a within-person longitudinal design).

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:33730075 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0248895

2021 PloS one

* Personality trait predictors of adjustment during the COVID pandemic among college students.

- Personality traits have been found to be related to a variety of health outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine how personality traits were associated with adjustment to the COVID pandemic in college students. The sample included 484 first-year university students (76% female) attending a northeastern university who completed the Big Five Inventory (BFI) personality assessment at the beginning of a semester that was disrupted by the COVID pandemic. Using a phone-based app, students completed daily ratings of mood, perceived stress levels, and engagement in a number of health promotion activities (exercise, mindfulness, adequate sleep, etc.) throughout the semester both before and after the onset of the pandemic (e.g., a within-person longitudinal design). Results, as expected, showed that mood and wellness indices generally declined during the COVID period, although stress levels actually decreased. Further, irrespective of COVID, improved mood, less perceived stress and greater participation in health promotion activities were significantly associated with a number of personality traits including neuroticism (lower), extraversion (higher), agreeableness (higher), and conscientiousness (higher). Of primary interest, mixed-effects models were used to test how major personality traits interacted with any changes in daily ratings from the pre-COVID to COVID period. Significant interactions terms were found suggesting differential impacts of the COVID epidemic for students with low versus high levels of particular traits. Higher levels of extraversion, for example, were found to be related to decreases in mood as the pandemic progressed in contrast to those with lower extraversion, for whom there was a slight increase in mood over time. These data support the conclusion that personality traits are related to mental health and can play a role in a person's ability to cope with major stressful events. Different traits may also be more adaptive to different types of stressors.

--- ABSTRACT END ---

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--- WordNet output for levels --- Overview of noun level The noun level has 8 senses (first 6 from tagged texts) 1. (69) degree, grade, level -- (a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality; "a moderate grade of intelligence"; "a high level of care is required"; "it is all a matter of degree") 2. (22) grade, level, tier -- (a relative position or degree of value in a graded group; "lumber of the highest grade") 3. (15) degree, level, stage, point -- (a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process; "a remarkable degree of frankness"; "at what stage are the social sciences?") 4. (5) level -- (height above ground; "the water reached ankle level"; "the pictures were at the same level") 5. (1) level, spirit level -- (indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid) 6. (1) horizontal surface, level -- (a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line; "park the car on the level") 7. level, layer, stratum -- (an abstract place usually conceived as having depth; "a good actor communicates on several levels"; "a simile has at least two layers of meaning"; "the mind functions on many strata simultaneously") 8. floor, level, storey, story -- (a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale; "what level is the office on?") Overview of verb level The verb level has 6 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (4) level -- (aim at; "level criticism or charges at somebody") 2. (1) level, raze, rase, dismantle, tear down, take down, pull down -- (tear down so as to make flat with the ground; "The building was levelled") 3. (1) flush, level, even out, even -- (make level or straight; "level the ground") 4. charge, level, point -- (direct into a position for use; "point a gun"; "He charged his weapon at me") 5. level -- (talk frankly with; lay it on the line; "I have to level with you") 6. level, level off -- (become level or even; "The ground levelled off") --- WordNet end ---