ELIZA

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501283 occurrences (No.27 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

472) Alternative strategies to inactivate bacterial spores at commercially available pressure and temperature levels include promoting the germination step by inclusion of known germinants into the food formulation to increase the lethality of HHP treatments on bacterial spores.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:23631742 DOI:10.3109/1040841X.2013.788475

2015 Critical reviews in microbiology

* High hydrostatic pressure-induced inactivation of bacterial spores.

- High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is the most-widely adopted novel non-thermal technology for the commercial pasteurization of foods. However, HHP-induced inactivation of bacterial spores remains a challenge due to spore resistance to the treatment limits of currently available industrial HHP units (i.e. ~650 MPa and 50 °C). Several reports have demonstrated that high pressure can modulate the germination machinery of bacterial spores, rendering them susceptible to subsequent inactivation treatments. Unfortunately, high pressure-induced germination is a unique phenomenon for spores of the genus Bacillus but not of Clostridium. Alternative strategies to inactivate bacterial spores at commercially available pressure and temperature levels include promoting the germination step by inclusion of known germinants into the food formulation to increase the lethality of HHP treatments on bacterial spores. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the molecular basis involved in pressure-triggered germination of bacterial spores and of novel strategies to inactivate bacterial spores with HHP treatments.

--- ABSTRACT END ---

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(1)236 of	(8)5 at	(15)3 using	(22)2 especially
(2)40 null	(9)4 are	(16)3 while	(23)2 induced
(3)38 in	(10)4 by	(17)2 after	(24)2 or
(4)35 were	(11)4 may	(18)2 between	(25)2 to
(5)34 and	(12)4 on	(19)2 compared
(6)6 was	(13)3 did	(20)2 decreased
(7)5 as	(14)3 for	(21)2 during

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--- WordNet output for levels --- Overview of noun level The noun level has 8 senses (first 6 from tagged texts) 1. (69) degree, grade, level -- (a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality; "a moderate grade of intelligence"; "a high level of care is required"; "it is all a matter of degree") 2. (22) grade, level, tier -- (a relative position or degree of value in a graded group; "lumber of the highest grade") 3. (15) degree, level, stage, point -- (a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process; "a remarkable degree of frankness"; "at what stage are the social sciences?") 4. (5) level -- (height above ground; "the water reached ankle level"; "the pictures were at the same level") 5. (1) level, spirit level -- (indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid) 6. (1) horizontal surface, level -- (a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line; "park the car on the level") 7. level, layer, stratum -- (an abstract place usually conceived as having depth; "a good actor communicates on several levels"; "a simile has at least two layers of meaning"; "the mind functions on many strata simultaneously") 8. floor, level, storey, story -- (a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale; "what level is the office on?") Overview of verb level The verb level has 6 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (4) level -- (aim at; "level criticism or charges at somebody") 2. (1) level, raze, rase, dismantle, tear down, take down, pull down -- (tear down so as to make flat with the ground; "The building was levelled") 3. (1) flush, level, even out, even -- (make level or straight; "level the ground") 4. charge, level, point -- (direct into a position for use; "point a gun"; "He charged his weapon at me") 5. level -- (talk frankly with; lay it on the line; "I have to level with you") 6. level, level off -- (become level or even; "The ground levelled off") --- WordNet end ---