ELIZA cgi-bash version rev. 1.90
- Medical English LInking keywords finder for the PubMed Zipped Archive (ELIZA) -
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kwic search for lower out of >500 occurrences
288686 occurrences (No.85 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache]
500 found
311) Compared with TNF-α solution, TNF-α hydrogel exhibited a longer T1/2 (4-fold) and higher AUCtumor (19-fold), but Cmax was lower (0.5-fold), which means that the hydrogel formulation improved the efficacy with a lower systhemic exposure than the solution formation.
* Antitumor activity of TNF-α after intratumoral injection using an in situ thermosensitive hydrogel.
- Local drug delivery strategies based on nanoparticles, gels, polymeric films, rods and wafers are increasingly used in cancer chemotherapy in order to enhance therapeutic effect and reduce systemic toxicity. Herein, a biodegradable and biocompatible in situ thermosensitive hydrogel was designed and employed to deliver tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) locally by intratumoral injection. The triblock copolymer was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of β-butyrolactone (β-BL) and lactide (LA) in bulk using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as an initiator and Sn(Oct)2 as the catalyst, the polymer was characterized by NMR, gel permeation chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry. Blood and tumor pharmacokinetics and in vivo antitumor activity of TNF-α after intratumoral administration in hydrogel or solution with the same dose were evaluated on S180 tumor-bearing mice. Compared with TNF-α solution, TNF-α hydrogel exhibited a longer T1/2 (4-fold) and higher AUCtumor (19-fold), but Cmax was lower (0.5-fold), which means that the hydrogel formulation improved the efficacy with a lower systhemic exposure than the solution formation. In addition, TNF-α hydrogel improved the antitumor activity and survival due to lower systemic exposure than the solution. These results demonstrate that the in situ thermosensitive hydrogel-based local delivery system by intratumoral injection is well suited for the administration of TNF-α.
=>1.低くする/なる, 下げる/下がる, 卑しめる, 2.しかめっ面, 3.lowの比較級
Overview of noun lower
The noun lower has 1 sense (no senses from tagged texts)
1. lower berth, lower -- (the lower of two berths)
Overview of verb lower
The verb lower has 5 senses (first 3 from tagged texts)
1. (15) lower, take down, let down, get down, bring down -- (move something or somebody to a lower
position; "take down the vase from the shelf")
2. (6) lower, lour -- (set lower; "lower a rating"; "lower expectations")
3. (1) turn down, lower, lour -- (make lower or quieter; "turn down the volume of a radio")
4. lower, depress -- (cause to drop or sink; "The lack of rain had depressed the water level in the
reservoir")
5. frown, glower, lour, lower -- (look angry or sullen, wrinkle one's forehead, as if to signal
disapproval)
Overview of adj low
The adj low has 10 senses (first 6 from tagged texts)
1. (55) low -- (less than normal in degree or intensity or amount; "low prices"; "the reservoir is
low")
2. (23) low -- (literal meanings; being at or having a relatively small elevation or upward
extension; "low ceilings"; "low clouds"; "low hills"; "the sun is low"; "low furniture"; "a low
bow")
3. (11) low, low-toned -- (very low in volume; "a low murmur"; "the low-toned murmur of the surf")
4. (6) low -- (unrefined in character; "low comedy")
5. (4) low, low-pitched -- (used of sounds and voices; low in pitch or frequency)
6. (3) abject, low, low-down, miserable, scummy, scurvy -- (of the most contemptible kind; "abject
cowardice"; "a low stunt to pull"; "a low-down sneak"; "his miserable treatment of his family"; "You
miserable skunk!"; "a scummy rabble"; "a scurvy trick")
7. humble, low, lowly, modest, small -- (low or inferior in station or quality; "a humble cottage";
"a lowly parish priest"; "a modest man of the people"; "small beginnings")
8. depleted, low -- (no longer sufficient; "supplies are low"; "our funds are depleted")
9. broken, crushed, humbled, humiliated, low -- (subdued or brought low in condition or status;
"brought low"; "a broken man"; "his broken spirit")
10. gloomy, grim, blue, depressed, dispirited, down, downcast, downhearted, down in the mouth, low,
low-spirited -- (filled with melancholy and despondency ; "gloomy at the thought of what he had to
face"; "gloomy predictions"; "a gloomy silence"; "took a grim view of the economy"; "the darkening
mood"; "lonely and blue in a strange city"; "depressed by the loss of his job"; "a dispirited and
resigned expression on her face"; "downcast after his defeat"; "feeling discouraged and
downhearted")
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