ELIZA

return kwic search for model out of >500 occurrences
469466 occurrences (No.35 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

421) Therefore, we propose an association-ratio plot as a visualization tool for model comparisons.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:21920876 DOI:10.1177/0962280211421838

2015 Statistical methods in medical research

* A two-stage estimation for screening studies using two diagnostic tests with binary disease status verified in test positives only.

- This article considers the statistical estimation and inference for screening studies in which two binary tests are used for screening with a binary disease status verified only for those subjects with at least one positive test result. The challenge encountered in these studies is the non-identifiability because the disease rate is not identifiable for subjects with negative results from both tests without additional assumptions. Different homogeneous association models have been proposed in the literature to circumvent the non-identifiability problem, which were solved using numerical methods. We propose to formulate the problem as a constrained maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) problem. The MLE has a closed-form in general, which can be solved using a unified two-stage estimation approach. We demonstrate the application of the proposed method on a set of homogeneous association models. The homogeneous association assumptions are generally not testable as all models are saturated. Therefore, we propose an association-ratio plot as a visualization tool for model comparisons. The methods are illustrated through three examples.

--- ABSTRACT END ---

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(1)63 of	(12)7 as	(23)3 assessment	(34)2 demonstrated
(2)55 null	(13)6 are	(24)3 fit	(35)2 it
(3)35 for	(14)6 system	(25)3 revealed	(36)2 joints
(4)28 was	(15)5 a	(26)3 showed	(37)2 may
(5)26 to	(16)5 selection	(27)3 systems	(38)2 not
(6)16 and	(17)5 which	(28)3 were	(39)2 results
(7)16 in	(18)5 will	(29)2 allows	(40)2 species
(8)16 is	(19)4 can	(30)2 analyses	(41)2 such
(9)16 with	(20)4 parameters	(31)2 appropriate	(42)2 used
(10)12 that	(21)4 using	(32)2 biological
(11)8 the	(22)4 we	(33)2 consists

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--- WordNet output for model --- =>模型, 作る, 形に表わす, 模範, モデル, 型, 模型の, 模範となる, かたどる, 手本, モデルをする, 手本となる Overview of noun model The noun model has 9 senses (first 7 from tagged texts) 1. (19) model, theoretical account, framework -- (a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process; "the computer program was based on a model of the circulatory and respiratory systems") 2. (11) model -- (a type of product; "his car was an old model") 3. (6) model, poser -- (a person who poses for a photographer or painter or sculptor; "the president didn't have time to be a model so the artist worked from photos") 4. (4) model, simulation -- (representation of something (sometimes on a smaller scale)) 5. (3) exemplar, example, model, good example -- (something to be imitated; "an exemplar of success"; "a model of clarity"; "he is the very model of a modern major general") 6. (1) model, role model -- (someone worthy of imitation; "every child needs a role model") 7. (1) model, example -- (a representative form or pattern; "I profited from his example") 8. mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin, fashion model, model -- (a woman who wears clothes to display fashions; "she was too fat to be a mannequin") 9. model, modelling, modeling -- (the act of representing something (usually on a smaller scale)) Overview of verb model The verb model has 6 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (1) model, pattern -- (plan or create according to a model or models) 2. (1) model, mold, mould -- (form in clay, wax, etc; "model a head with clay") 3. model, pose, sit, posture -- (assume a posture as for artistic purposes; "We don't know the woman who posed for Leonardo so often") 4. model -- (display (clothes) as a mannequin; "model the latest fashion") 5. model, simulate -- (create a representation or model of; "The pilots are trained in conditions simulating high-altitude flights") 6. model, mock up -- (construct a model of; "model an airplane") Overview of adj model The adj model has 1 sense (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (1) exemplary, model -- (worthy of imitation; "exemplary behavior"; "model citizens") --- WordNet end ---