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258) The aim is both to evaluate the new German law allowing religious circumcision, and to outline the resulting conflict between the surrounding ethical and legal issues.
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PMID:24372097 DOI:10.1111/bioe.12077
2015 Bioethics
* German law on circumcision and its debate: how an ethical and legal issue turned political.
- The article aims to illuminate the recent debate in Germany about the legitimacy of circumcision for religious reasons. The aim is both to evaluate the new German law allowing religious circumcision, and to outline the resulting conflict between the surrounding ethical and legal issues. We first elucidate the diversity of legal and medical views on religious circumcision in Germany. Next we examine to what extent invasive and irreversible physical interventions on infant boys unable to given their consent should be carried out for non-medical reasons. To this end, the potential benefits and harms of circumcision for non-medical reasons are compared. We argue that circumcision does not provide any benefits for the 'child as a child' and poses only risks to boys. We then set out to clarify and analyse political (rather than ethical) justifications of the new circumcision law. We demonstrate through this analysis how the circumcision debate in Germany has been transformed from a legal and ethical problem into a political issue, due at least in part to Germany's unique historical context. Although such a particular political sensibility is entirely comprehensible, it raises particular problems when it comes to framing and responding to medical ethical issues - as in the case of religious circumcision.
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(1)19 Zealand (19)4 targets (37)2 Zealand, (55)2 important
(2)13 bone (20)3 DP (38)2 avenues (56)2 innovations
(3)12 approach (21)3 York, (39)2 biomarkers (57)2 instrument
(4)11 and (22)3 approaches (40)2 blood (58)2 methodologies
(5)10 method (23)3 concepts (41)2 case (59)2 methods
(6)9 insights (24)3 information (42)2 cases (60)2 parameters
(7)7 York (25)3 insight (43)2 challenges (61)2 policy
(8)7 therapeutic (26)3 light (44)2 co-processed (62)2 public
(9)5 data (27)3 media (45)2 compound (63)2 risk
(10)5 molecular (28)3 molecules (46)2 concept (64)2 strategies
(11)5 species (29)3 regulation (47)2 diagnostic (65)2 strategy
(12)4 World (30)3 research (48)2 driver (66)2 subspecies
(13)4 class (31)3 technique (49)2 drug (67)2 training
(14)4 clinical (32)3 treatment (50)2 endemic (68)2 type
(15)4 discoveries (33)2 Graves' (51)2 evidence (69)2 way
(16)4 generation (34)2 HIV (52)2 findings
(17)4 measure (35)2 South (53)2 genetic
(18)4 model (36)2 York/Japan (54)2 health

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--- WordNet output for new --- =>新発見の, 新しい, 現代的な, 新参の Overview of adj new The adj new has 11 senses (first 5 from tagged texts) 1. (310) new -- (not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered; "a new law"; "new cars"; "a new comet"; "a new friend"; "a new year"; "the New World") 2. (36) fresh, new, novel -- (original and of a kind not seen before; "the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem") 3. (11) raw, new -- (lacking training or experience; "the new men were eager to fight"; "raw recruits") 4. (5) new, unexampled -- (having no previous example or precedent or parallel; "a time of unexampled prosperity") 5. (3) new -- (other than the former one(s); different; "they now have a new leaders"; "my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it"; "ready to take a new direction") 6. new -- (unaffected by use or exposure; "it looks like new") 7. newfangled, new -- ((of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new; "newfangled ideas"; "she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them") 8. New -- (in use after medieval times; "New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties") 9. Modern, New -- (used of a living language; being the current stage in its development; "Modern English"; "New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew") 10. new, young -- ((of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity; "new potatoes"; "young corn") 11. new -- (unfamiliar; "new experiences"; "experiences new to him"; "errors of someone new to the job") Overview of adv new The adv new has 1 sense (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (1) newly, freshly, fresh, new -- (very recently; "they are newly married"; "newly raised objections"; "a newly arranged hairdo"; "grass new washed by the rain"; "a freshly cleaned floor"; "we are fresh out of tomatoes") --- WordNet end ---