2015 Environmental science and pollution research international
* Interaction effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals on a soil microalga, Chlorococcum sp. MM11.
- Environmental risk assessment of sites contaminated with chemicals needs to also consider mixtures of chemicals as these toxicants act more differently in a mixture than when they occur alone. In this study, we describe, for the first time, the use of a full factorial design experiment to evaluate the toxicity of a quaternary mixture comprising two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and phenanthrene (Phe)) and two heavy metals (cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb)) toward a soil microalga, Chlorococcum sp. MM11. Biomass, in terms of cell number, and proline accumulation were used to evaluate toxicity responses. Factorial analysis of the data revealed statistically significant interaction effects between the mixtures of toxicants on 96-h biomass endpoint, while no significant interaction effects were observed on proline accumulation in the microalga. A comparison of the data on the toxicity of individual chemicals and those of the factorial main effect analysis clearly showed that Cd is more toxic to the alga, followed by BaP, Pb, and Phe. There was a substantial heavy metal accumulation and PAH degradation by the strain MM11 at EC10 and EC50 of the chemical mixtures.
=>に番号をつける, 数, 番号, 総数, 若干, 多数, 曲, 過ごす, 達する, 番号を唱える
Overview of noun number
The noun number has 11 senses (first 9 from tagged texts)
1. (131) number, figure -- (the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units
or individuals; "he had a number of chores to do"; "the number of parameters is small"; "the figure
was about a thousand")
2. (63) number -- (a concept of quantity involving zero and units; "every number has a unique
position in the sequence")
3. (5) act, routine, number, turn, bit -- (a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer
program; "he did his act three times every evening"; "she had a catchy little routine"; "it was one
of the best numbers he ever did")
4. (5) phone number, telephone number, number -- (the number is used in calling a particular
telephone; "he has an unlisted number")
5. (2) numeral, number -- (a symbol used to represent a number; "he learned to write the numerals
before he went to school")
6. (2) issue, number -- (one of a series published periodically; "she found an old issue of the
magazine in her dentist's waiting room")
7. (1) number -- (a select company of people; "I hope to become one of their number before I die")
8. (1) number, identification number -- (a numeral or string of numerals that is used for
identification; "she refused to give them her Social Security number")
9. (1) number -- (a clothing measurement; "a number 13 shoe")
10. number -- (the grammatical category for the forms of nouns and pronouns and verbs that are used
depending on the number of entities involved (singular or dual or plural); "in English the subject
and the verb must agree in number")
11. number -- (an item of merchandise offered for sale; "she preferred the black nylon number";
"this sweater is an all-wool number")
Overview of verb number
The verb number has 6 senses (first 3 from tagged texts)
1. (6) total, number, add up, come, amount -- (add up in number or quantity; "The bills amounted to
$2,000"; "The bill came to $2,000")
2. (2) number -- (give numbers to; "You should number the pages of the thesis")
3. (1) number, list -- (enumerate; "We must number the names of the great mathematicians")
4. count, number -- (put into a group; "The academy counts several Nobel Prize winners among its
members")
5. count, number, enumerate, numerate -- (determine the number or amount of; "Can you count the
books on your shelf?"; "Count your change")
6. number, keep down -- (place a limit on the number of)
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