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295512 occurrences (No.81 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

22) After optimizing the defect size, subsequent stress fractures occurred in only 8% and the defect healed partially over the 40 day study period.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:23225778 DOI:10.1002/term.1655

2015 Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

* A uni-cortical femoral defect model in the rat: evaluation using injectable hyaluronan hydrogel as a carrier for bone morphogenetic protein-2.

- The development of biomaterial for bone regeneration requires animal models that are reliable and designed to mimic clinically relevant situations. We have previously investigated hydrogels comprised of modified hyaluronic acid and polyvinyl alcohol in models of ectopic bone formation. This hydrogel induces bone regeneration when loaded with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). To allow further optimization of hydrogels, we developed a new, femoral, non-critical-sized cortical defect model. In the rat femur, we drilled standardized, elongated unilateral cortical defects that did not require stabilization and that could be created bilaterally to allow paired comparisons of biomaterials. After optimizing the defect size, subsequent stress fractures occurred in only 8% and the defect healed partially over the 40 day study period. In a time-course experiment, we treated bone defects with the previously studied hyaluronan hydrogel loaded with 10 µg hydroxyapatite and 6 µg BMP-2. The shape of the defect allowed controlled containment of the material within the defect. The defect in the right leg was left untreated, while the left defect was filled with 40 µl of the BMP hydrogel. As determined by pQCT analysis, the treated defects had a higher bone mineral content, bone area and bone density than control defects. The relative difference was greatest between the groups at 10 and 20 days and diminished as the defect healed in the untreated legs. We conclude that this animal model allows facile and rapid screening of biomaterials for bone regeneration in cortical femoral defects without requiring external fixation.

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[frequency of next (right) word to over]

(1)145 the	(8)6 their	(15)3 four	(22)2 40
(2)70 time	(9)4 6	(16)3 longer	(23)2 OP
(3)67 a	(10)4 in	(17)3 other	(24)2 another
(4)12 time,	(11)3 1	(18)3 placebo	(25)2 collagen)
(5)9 of	(12)3 12	(19)2 2	(26)2 left
(6)7 and	(13)3 24	(20)2 30	(27)2 long
(7)6 an	(14)3 65	(21)2 4	(28)2 settlement

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--- WordNet output for over --- =>1.超えて, 一面に, 移って, 始めから終わりまで, 終わって, を支配して, の間, しながら, 倒れて, の上に, を覆って, を越えて, の向こう側に, より多く, 2.もう一度, 繰り返して Overview of noun over The noun over has 1 sense (no senses from tagged texts) 1. over -- ((cricket) the division of play during which six balls are bowled at the batsman by one player from the other team from the same end of the pitch) Overview of adj over The adj over has 1 sense (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (21) complete, concluded, ended, over, all over, terminated -- (having come or been brought to a conclusion; "the harvesting was complete"; "the affair is over, ended, finished"; "the abruptly terminated interview") Overview of adv over The adv over has 5 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (23) over -- (at or to a point across intervening space etc.; "come over and see us some time"; "over there") 2. (2) over -- (throughout an area; "he is known the world over") 3. (1) over, o'er -- (throughout a period of time; "stay over the weekend") 4. over -- (beyond the top or upper surface or edge; forward from an upright position; "a roof that hangs over";) 5. all over, over -- (over the entire area; "the wallpaper was covered all over with flowers"; "she ached all over"; "everything was dusted over with a fine layer of soot") --- WordNet end ---