* Effects of calcium and vitamin D3 on transforming growth factors in rectal mucosa of sporadic colorectal adenoma patients: a randomized controlled trial.
- Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) and TGFβ1 are growth-promoting and -inhibiting autocrine/paracrine growth factors, respectively, that may (1) affect risk for colorectal cancer and (2) be modifiable by anti-proliferative exposures. The effects of supplemental calcium and vitamin D3 on these two markers in the normal-appearing colorectal mucosa in humans are unknown. We conducted a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial clinical trial (n = 92; 23/treatment group) of calcium 2 g and/or vitamin D3 800 IU/d versus placebo over 6 mo. TGFα and TGFβ1 expression was measured in biopsies of normal-appearing rectal mucosa using automated immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis at baseline and 6-mo follow-up. In the calcium, vitamin D3 , and calcium plus vitamin D3 groups relative to the placebo group (1) the mean overall expression of TGFβ1 increased by 14% (P= 0.25), 19% (P = 0.17), and 22% (P = 0.09); (2) the ratio of TGFα expression in the upper 40% (differentiation zone) to that in the lower 60 (proliferation zone) of the crypts decreased by 34% (P = 0.11), 31% (P = 0.22), and 26% (P = 0.33); and (3) the TGFα/TGFβ1 ratio in the upper 40% of the crypts decreased by 28% (P = 0.09), 14% (P = 0.41), and 22% (P = 0.24), respectively. These preliminary results, although not statistically significant, suggest that supplemental calcium and vitamin D3 may increase TGFβ1 expression and shift TGFα expression downward from the differentiation to the proliferation zone in the crypts in the normal-appearing colorectal mucosa of sporadic colorectal adenoma patients, and support further investigation in a larger clinical trial.
=>1.超えて, 一面に, 移って, 始めから終わりまで, 終わって, を支配して, の間, しながら, 倒れて, の上に,
を覆って, を越えて, の向こう側に, より多く, 2.もう一度, 繰り返して
Overview of noun over
The noun over has 1 sense (no senses from tagged texts)
1. over -- ((cricket) the division of play during which six balls are bowled at the batsman by one
player from the other team from the same end of the pitch)
Overview of adj over
The adj over has 1 sense (first 1 from tagged texts)
1. (21) complete, concluded, ended, over, all over, terminated -- (having come or been brought to a
conclusion; "the harvesting was complete"; "the affair is over, ended, finished"; "the abruptly
terminated interview")
Overview of adv over
The adv over has 5 senses (first 3 from tagged texts)
1. (23) over -- (at or to a point across intervening space etc.; "come over and see us some time";
"over there")
2. (2) over -- (throughout an area; "he is known the world over")
3. (1) over, o'er -- (throughout a period of time; "stay over the weekend")
4. over -- (beyond the top or upper surface or edge; forward from an upright position; "a roof that
hangs over";)
5. all over, over -- (over the entire area; "the wallpaper was covered all over with flowers"; "she
ached all over"; "everything was dusted over with a fine layer of soot")
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