ELIZA

return kwic search for patients out of >500 occurrences
1057411 occurrences (No.2 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

411) complete tumour removal, are observed in multiple patients; this is a problem when normality is assumed.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:22179821 DOI:10.1177/0962280211432192

2015 Statistical methods in medical research

* The choice of test in phase II cancer trials assessing continuous tumour shrinkage when complete responses are expected.

- Traditionally, phase II cancer trials test a binary endpoint formed from a dichotomisation of the continuous change in tumour size. Directly testing the continuous endpoint provides considerable gains in power, although also results in several statistical issues. One such issue is when complete responses, i.e. complete tumour removal, are observed in multiple patients; this is a problem when normality is assumed. Using simulated data and a recently published phase II trial, we investigate how the choice of test affects the operating characteristics of the trial. We propose using parametric tests based on the censored normal distribution, comparing them to the t-test and Wilcoxon non-parametric test. The censored normal distribution fits the real dataset well, but simulations indicate its type-I error rate is inflated, and its power is only slightly higher than the t-test. The Wilcoxon test has deflated type I error. For two-arm designs, the differences are much smaller. We conclude that the t-test is suitable for use when complete responses are present, although positively skewed data can result in the non-parametric test having higher power.

--- ABSTRACT END ---

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[frequency of next (right) word to patients]

(1)129 with	(10)9 was	(19)4 using	(28)2 included
(2)48 null	(11)6 of	(20)3 admitted	(29)2 into
(3)42 were	(12)5 have	(21)3 experienced	(30)2 often
(4)37 and	(13)4 died	(22)3 on	(31)2 presented
(5)22 in	(14)4 from	(23)3 received	(32)2 receiving
(6)21 who	(15)4 is	(24)3 the	(33)2 this
(7)12 are	(16)4 to	(25)2 (6	(34)2 when
(8)10 undergoing	(17)4 treated	(26)2 after
(9)9 had	(18)4 underwent	(27)2 for

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--- WordNet output for patients --- Overview of noun patient The noun patient has 2 senses (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (73) patient -- (a person who requires medical care; "the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly") 2. affected role, patient role, patient -- (the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause) --- WordNet end ---