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return kwic search for rate out of >500 occurrences
286534 occurrences (No.87 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

325) UV/vis absorption (Abs) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) data demonstrated that a second-sphere substitution favoring the population of the ruffled heme conformation changed the rate-limiting step of the reaction, resulting in a measurable buildup of the monooxygenated meso-hydroxyheme intermediate.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:33729746 DOI:10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00892

2021 Biochemistry

* A Dynamic Substrate is Required for MhuD-Catalyzed Degradation of Heme to Mycobilin.

- The noncanonical heme oxygenase MhuD from Mycobacterium tuberculosis binds a heme substrate that adopts a dynamic equilibrium between planar and out-of-plane ruffled conformations. MhuD degrades this substrate to an unusual mycobilin product via successive monooxygenation and dioxygenation reactions. This article establishes a causal relationship between heme substrate dynamics and MhuD-catalyzed heme degradation, resulting in a refined enzymatic mechanism. UV/vis absorption (Abs) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) data demonstrated that a second-sphere substitution favoring the population of the ruffled heme conformation changed the rate-limiting step of the reaction, resulting in a measurable buildup of the monooxygenated meso-hydroxyheme intermediate. In addition, UV/vis Abs and ESI-MS data for a second-sphere variant that favored the planar substrate conformation showed that this change altered the enzymatic mechanism resulting in an α-biliverdin product. Single-turnover kinetic analyses for three MhuD variants revealed that the rate of heme monooxygenation depends upon the population of the ruffled substrate conformation. These kinetic analyses also revealed that the rate of meso-hydroxyheme dioxygenation by MhuD depends upon the population of the planar substrate conformation. Thus, the ruffled heme conformation supports rapid heme monooxygenation by MhuD, but further oxygenation to the mycobilin product is inhibited. In contrast, the planar substrate conformation exhibits altered heme monooxygenation regiospecificity followed by rapid oxygenation of meso-hydroxyheme. Altogether, these data yielded a refined enzymatic mechanism for MhuD where access to both substrate conformations is needed for rapid incorporation of three oxygen atoms into heme yielding mycobilin.

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(1)172 of	(10)5 that	(19)3 step	(28)2 increased
(2)40 and	(11)5 the	(20)2 (ESR),	(29)2 it
(3)32 was	(12)4 (HR),	(21)2 (RMR)	(30)2 lactate,
(4)31 null	(13)4 among	(22)2 after	(31)2 or
(5)24 in	(14)4 discrimination	(23)2 at	(32)2 respiratory
(6)8 variability	(15)4 is	(24)2 attributable	(33)2 to
(7)6 constants	(16)4 were	(25)2 between	(34)2 top
(8)6 for	(17)3 enzyme	(26)2 constant	(35)2 which
(9)5 (HR)	(18)3 on	(27)2 equations

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--- WordNet output for rate --- =>価格を評定する, 割合, 率, 歩合, 料金, 値段, 相場, 速度, 度合, 人を〜を思う, みなす, 価値がある, 人を〜とみなす, 科金, 評価する Overview of noun rate The noun rate has 4 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (68) rate -- (a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit; "they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour"; "the rate of change was faster than expected") 2. (39) rate, charge per unit -- (amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis; "a 10-minute phone call at that rate would cost $5") 3. (1) pace, rate -- (the relative speed of progress or change; "he lived at a fast pace"; "he works at a great rate"; "the pace of events accelerated") 4. rate -- (a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure; "the literacy rate"; "the retention rate"; "the dropout rate") Overview of verb rate The verb rate has 3 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (9) rate, rank, range, order, grade, place -- (assign a rank or rating to; "how would you rank these students?"; "The restaurant is rated highly in the food guide") 2. (2) rate -- (be worthy of or have a certain rating; "This bond rates highly") 3. (1) rate, value -- (estimate the value of; "How would you rate his chances to become President?"; "Gold was rated highly among the Romans") --- WordNet end ---