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286534 occurrences (No.87 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

330) Metrics on resource productivity currently used by governments suggest that some developed countries have increased the use of natural resources at a slower rate than economic growth (relative decoupling) or have even managed to use fewer resources over time (absolute decoupling).

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PMID:24003158 DOI:10.1073/pnas.1220362110

2015 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

* The material footprint of nations.

- Metrics on resource productivity currently used by governments suggest that some developed countries have increased the use of natural resources at a slower rate than economic growth (relative decoupling) or have even managed to use fewer resources over time (absolute decoupling). Using the material footprint (MF), a consumption-based indicator of resource use, we find the contrary: Achievements in decoupling in advanced economies are smaller than reported or even nonexistent. We present a time series analysis of the MF of 186 countries and identify material flows associated with global production and consumption networks in unprecedented specificity. By calculating raw material equivalents of international trade, we demonstrate that countries' use of nondomestic resources is, on average, about threefold larger than the physical quantity of traded goods. As wealth grows, countries tend to reduce their domestic portion of materials extraction through international trade, whereas the overall mass of material consumption generally increases. With every 10% increase in gross domestic product, the average national MF increases by 6%. Our findings call into question the sole use of current resource productivity indicators in policy making and suggest the necessity of an additional focus on consumption-based accounting for natural resource use.

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(1)163 of	(9)7 to	(17)3 were	(25)2 may
(2)56 was	(10)6 at	(18)3 without	(26)2 or
(3)44 and	(11)4 as	(19)2 (HR)	(27)2 per
(4)34 null	(12)4 from	(20)2 =	(28)2 product
(5)14 in	(13)4 variability	(21)2 by	(29)2 step
(6)9 is	(14)3 after	(22)2 compared	(30)2 that
(7)8 for	(15)3 coding	(23)2 due	(31)2 under
(8)7 than	(16)3 ranged	(24)2 enzyme	(32)2 which

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--- WordNet output for rate --- =>価格を評定する, 割合, 率, 歩合, 料金, 値段, 相場, 速度, 度合, 人を〜を思う, みなす, 価値がある, 人を〜とみなす, 科金, 評価する Overview of noun rate The noun rate has 4 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (68) rate -- (a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit; "they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour"; "the rate of change was faster than expected") 2. (39) rate, charge per unit -- (amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis; "a 10-minute phone call at that rate would cost $5") 3. (1) pace, rate -- (the relative speed of progress or change; "he lived at a fast pace"; "he works at a great rate"; "the pace of events accelerated") 4. rate -- (a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure; "the literacy rate"; "the retention rate"; "the dropout rate") Overview of verb rate The verb rate has 3 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (9) rate, rank, range, order, grade, place -- (assign a rank or rating to; "how would you rank these students?"; "The restaurant is rated highly in the food guide") 2. (2) rate -- (be worthy of or have a certain rating; "This bond rates highly") 3. (1) rate, value -- (estimate the value of; "How would you rate his chances to become President?"; "Gold was rated highly among the Romans") --- WordNet end ---