ELIZA

return kwic search for reduced out of >500 occurrences
290904 occurrences (No.84 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

133) So the segmental infiltration is applied, although the concentration of lidocaine in tumescent fluid is gradually reduced to 0.0252%.

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PMID:24051464 DOI:10.1097/SAP.0b013e3182933de7

2015 Annals of plastic surgery

* Safe extensive tumescent liposuction with segmental infiltration of lower concentration lidocaine under monitored anesthesia care.

- Tumescent anesthesia makes it feasible to perform liposuction in an office setting. There are often patients who desire extensive liposuction on approximately 30% of total body surface area, which means the lidocaine total dose might be over the dosing recommendation. So the segmental infiltration is applied, although the concentration of lidocaine in tumescent fluid is gradually reduced to 0.0252%. Moreover, supplemental intravenous (IV) sedation using monitored anesthesia care is usually applied concurrently to help alleviate discomfort and pain of the patients during tumescent anesthetic infusion and fat extraction which in turn increases the risks of potential lidocaine toxicity due to possible drug interactions. This study was to demonstrate the safety of segmental infiltration of tumescent fluid with lower lidocaine concentration combined with IV sedation in extensive liposuction and determine whether the risk of lidocaine toxicity is increased in this protocol. Ten female patients who requested the extensive liposuction participated in the study. The targeted areas were divided into 2 segments and treated in turn in 1 session. Lidocaine (1600 mg) was infiltrated into the first segment, and approximately 928 mg lidocaine was subsequently infiltrated after accomplishment of the first segment operation. Serum levels of lidocaine were taken every 4 hours during the first 24 hours after the second infiltration. The average time of the procedure is 222 (33) minutes. The dose and total amount of lidocaine injected are 40.7 (5.8) mg/kg and 2528.2 (155.2) mg, respectively. The total volume of the infusates and aspirates are 9918.1 (494) and 6325 (1461.6) mL, respectively, the ratio of total infusates to total aspirates is 1.66 (0.45). The total aspirated fat and fluids are 3280 (1051.8) and 3045 (824.1) mL, respectively. The peak lidocaine levels [2.18 (0.63) μg/mL] occurred after 12 to 20 hours [16.4 (2.27) hours]. No significant correlation between dose per kilogram body weight or total dose of lidocaine infiltrated and its peak levels or time existed. The extensive liposuction covering the 30% total body surface areas was well tolerated by the patients under tumescent anesthesia in combination with the supplemental IV sedation. Our previous study on the fluid management has demonstrated the risk of hypovolemia or fluid overload is very low with this technique, although the patients who received only maintenance fluid (500 mL) in the operating room and could discharge and resume oral intake after 6 hours of recovery room stay. The adequate anesthesia support is available in our office-based setting with adequate recovery facilities in place. It has a high margin of safety, without increasing of lidocaine toxicity or adverse cardiopulmonary sequelae while using a segmental tumescent infiltration with lower concentration of lidocaine.

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(1)66 the	(12)4 activity	(24)2 among	(35)2 interhemispheric
(2)30 in	(13)4 both	(25)2 availability	(36)2 it
(3)23 by	(14)4 cell	(26)2 blood	(37)2 likelihood
(4)13 null	(16)3 ability	(27)2 but	(38)2 number
(5)13 to	(17)3 after	(28)2 compared	(39)2 rates
(6)10 glutathione	(18)3 binding	(29)2 effortful	(40)2 stem
(7)8 and	(19)3 or	(30)2 ejection	(41)2 total
(8)8 expression	(20)3 risk	(31)2 following	(42)2 tumor
(9)5 levels	(21)3 sensitivity	(32)2 from	(43)2 which
(10)5 significantly	(22)2 (P	(33)2 glutathione,
(11)4 PGE2	(23)2 BRCA-1	(34)2 hippocampal

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--- WordNet output for reduced --- =>貧しい暮らし, 落ちぶれた生活 Overview of verb reduce The verb reduce has 20 senses (first 11 from tagged texts) 1. (102) reduce, cut down, cut back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut, bring down -- (cut down on; make a reduction in; "reduce your daily fat intake"; "The employer wants to cut back health benefits") 2. (9) reduce -- (make less complex; "reduce a problem to a single question") 3. (5) reduce -- (bring to humbler or weaker state or condition; "He reduced the population to slavery") 4. (3) reduce -- (simplify the form of a mathematical equation of expression by substituting one term for another) 5. (3) reduce -- (lower in grade or rank or force somebody into an undignified situation; "She reduced her niece to a servant") 6. (3) reduce, come down, boil down -- (be the essential element; "The proposal boils down to a compromise") 7. (2) shrink, reduce -- (reduce in size; reduce physically; "Hot water will shrink the sweater"; "Can you shrink this image?") 8. (1) reduce -- (lessen and make more modest; "reduce one's standard of living") 9. (1) reduce, scale down -- (make smaller; "reduce an image") 10. (1) deoxidize, deoxidise, reduce -- (to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons) 11. (1) reduce, tighten -- (narrow or limit; "reduce the influx of foreigners") 12. repress, quash, keep down, subdue, subjugate, reduce -- (put down by force or intimidation; "The government quashes any attempt of an uprising"; "China keeps down her dissidents very efficiently"; "The rich landowners subjugated the peasants working the land") 13. reduce -- (undergo meiosis; "The cells reduce") 14. reduce -- (reposition (a broken bone after surgery) back to its normal site) 15. reduce -- (destress and thus weaken a sound when pronouncing it) 16. abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract, reduce -- (reduce in scope while retaining essential elements; "The manuscript must be shortened") 17. boil down, reduce, decoct, concentrate -- (be cooked until very little liquid is left; "The sauce should reduce to one cup") 18. reduce, boil down, concentrate -- (cook until very little liquid is left; "The cook reduced the sauce by boiling it for a long time") 19. dilute, thin, thin out, reduce, cut -- (lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture; "cut bourbon") 20. reduce, melt off, lose weight, slim, slenderize, thin, slim down -- (take off weight) Overview of adj reduced The adj reduced has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (6) decreased, reduced -- (made less in size or amount or degree) 2. (1) reduced, rock-bottom -- (well below normal (especially in price)) --- WordNet end ---