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return kwic search for reduced out of >500 occurrences
290904 occurrences (No.84 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found
2) However, inhibiting PG production with piroxicam reduced the GC frequency in the presence of TTX, but did not affect the GC amplitude.
--- ABSTRACT ---
PMID:33622238 DOI:10.1186/s12576-021-00791-4
2021 The journal of physiological sciences : JPS
* Role of PGE2 in colonic motility: PGE2 attenuates spontaneous contractions of circular smooth muscle via EP4 receptors in the rat colon.
- Colonic motor activity is important for the formation and propulsion of feces. The production of prostaglandins (PGs) in colonic tissue is considered to play a critical role in the generation and regulation of colonic motility. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of PGE2 and selective agonists of four EP receptors on the spontaneous phasic contractions, called 'giant contractions' (GCs), of mucosa-free circular smooth muscle strips from the rat middle colon. Neural blockade with tetrodotoxin (TTX) increased the frequency and amplitude of the GCs by about twofold. However, inhibiting PG production with piroxicam reduced the GC frequency in the presence of TTX, but did not affect the GC amplitude. In the presence of both TTX and piroxicam, exogenous PGE2 and each EP receptor agonist were cumulatively added to the tissue bath. In this setting, PGE2, the EP2 agonist ONO-AE1-259, and the EP4 agonist ONO-AE1-329, but not the EP1 agonist ONO-AE-DI-004 or the EP3 agonist ONO-AE-248, concentration-dependently reduced the GC frequency and amplitude. The PGE2-induced inhibition of GC frequency and amplitude was inhibited by the EP4 antagonist ONO-AE3-208, but not by the EP1/2 antagonist AH6809. Immunohistochemistry revealed the EP2 and EP4 receptors were localized in perinuclear sites in circular smooth muscle cells. EP2 immunoreactivity was also located in GFAP-immunoreactive enteroglia, whereas EP4 immunoreactivity was also located in HU (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision [ELAV] protein; a marker of all myenteric neurons)-immunoreactive myenteric nerve cell bodies. These results suggest that the PGs produced in the colonic tissue inhibit the GC frequency and amplitude of circular muscle in the rat middle colon, and is mediated by EP4 receptors expressed in the smooth muscle cells.
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(1)49 the (14)3 cell (27)2 adverse (40)2 kinship
(2)27 in (15)3 expression (28)2 affinity (41)2 liver
(3)24 by (16)3 glutathione (29)2 average (42)2 lung
(4)6 and (17)3 incidence (30)2 both (43)2 onward
(5)6 to (18)3 quality (31)2 carbon (44)2 oxygen
(6)5 oxidative (19)3 sensitivity (32)2 cognitive (45)2 performance
(7)5 tumor (20)3 serum (33)2 compared (46)2 plasma
(8)4 *null* (21)3 time (34)2 fasting (47)2 set
(9)4 during (22)3 while (35)2 glutathione, (48)2 side
(10)4 inflammation (23)2 (p (36)2 heart (49)2 state
(11)4 levels (24)2 MT (37)2 hip (50)2 superoxide
(12)4 risk (25)2 PSD-95 (38)2 homeostatic (51)2 weight
(13)3 brain (26)2 access (39)2 infarct

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--- WordNet output for reduced --- =>貧しい暮らし, 落ちぶれた生活 Overview of verb reduce The verb reduce has 20 senses (first 11 from tagged texts) 1. (102) reduce, cut down, cut back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut, bring down -- (cut down on; make a reduction in; "reduce your daily fat intake"; "The employer wants to cut back health benefits") 2. (9) reduce -- (make less complex; "reduce a problem to a single question") 3. (5) reduce -- (bring to humbler or weaker state or condition; "He reduced the population to slavery") 4. (3) reduce -- (simplify the form of a mathematical equation of expression by substituting one term for another) 5. (3) reduce -- (lower in grade or rank or force somebody into an undignified situation; "She reduced her niece to a servant") 6. (3) reduce, come down, boil down -- (be the essential element; "The proposal boils down to a compromise") 7. (2) shrink, reduce -- (reduce in size; reduce physically; "Hot water will shrink the sweater"; "Can you shrink this image?") 8. (1) reduce -- (lessen and make more modest; "reduce one's standard of living") 9. (1) reduce, scale down -- (make smaller; "reduce an image") 10. (1) deoxidize, deoxidise, reduce -- (to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons) 11. (1) reduce, tighten -- (narrow or limit; "reduce the influx of foreigners") 12. repress, quash, keep down, subdue, subjugate, reduce -- (put down by force or intimidation; "The government quashes any attempt of an uprising"; "China keeps down her dissidents very efficiently"; "The rich landowners subjugated the peasants working the land") 13. reduce -- (undergo meiosis; "The cells reduce") 14. reduce -- (reposition (a broken bone after surgery) back to its normal site) 15. reduce -- (destress and thus weaken a sound when pronouncing it) 16. abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract, reduce -- (reduce in scope while retaining essential elements; "The manuscript must be shortened") 17. boil down, reduce, decoct, concentrate -- (be cooked until very little liquid is left; "The sauce should reduce to one cup") 18. reduce, boil down, concentrate -- (cook until very little liquid is left; "The cook reduced the sauce by boiling it for a long time") 19. dilute, thin, thin out, reduce, cut -- (lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture; "cut bourbon") 20. reduce, melt off, lose weight, slim, slenderize, thin, slim down -- (take off weight) Overview of adj reduced The adj reduced has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (6) decreased, reduced -- (made less in size or amount or degree) 2. (1) reduced, rock-bottom -- (well below normal (especially in price)) --- WordNet end ---