* Histological and biochemical effects of dexmedetomidine on liver during an inflammatory bowel disease.
- Inflammation in the liver is an extraintestinal manifestation that is frequently seen during inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The authors investigated histopathologycal, ultrastructural and antioxidant effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on liver during trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease. Thirty-two BALB/c mice were divided (n = 8) as follows: control; Dex (dexmedetomidine) (30 μg/kg) for 6 days; TNBS 150 μL, TNBS + ethanol (50% w/v) intrarectally; TNBS + Dex. The histopathological and ultrastructural changes were evaluated. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of antioxidant enzymes (GPx and SOD) were measured in liver tissue. Induction of colitis induced histopathological and ultrastructural changes of damage in liver. Those changes were markedly reduced in the TNBS + Dex group and that reduction was even significant in comparison to the TNBS group. MDA levels were significantly higher in the TNBS group and dexmedetomidine significantly elevated SOD levels in the TNBS + Dex group. These results suggest that the administration of dexmedetomidine reduces the histopathological and ultrastructural damage and increases the defense capacity against oxidative damage on liver in this IBD mice model.
=>貧しい暮らし, 落ちぶれた生活
Overview of verb reduce
The verb reduce has 20 senses (first 11 from tagged texts)
1. (102) reduce, cut down, cut back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut, bring down -- (cut down on;
make a reduction in; "reduce your daily fat intake"; "The employer wants to cut back health
benefits")
2. (9) reduce -- (make less complex; "reduce a problem to a single question")
3. (5) reduce -- (bring to humbler or weaker state or condition; "He reduced the population to
slavery")
4. (3) reduce -- (simplify the form of a mathematical equation of expression by substituting one
term for another)
5. (3) reduce -- (lower in grade or rank or force somebody into an undignified situation; "She
reduced her niece to a servant")
6. (3) reduce, come down, boil down -- (be the essential element; "The proposal boils down to a
compromise")
7. (2) shrink, reduce -- (reduce in size; reduce physically; "Hot water will shrink the sweater";
"Can you shrink this image?")
8. (1) reduce -- (lessen and make more modest; "reduce one's standard of living")
9. (1) reduce, scale down -- (make smaller; "reduce an image")
10. (1) deoxidize, deoxidise, reduce -- (to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with
hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons)
11. (1) reduce, tighten -- (narrow or limit; "reduce the influx of foreigners")
12. repress, quash, keep down, subdue, subjugate, reduce -- (put down by force or intimidation; "The
government quashes any attempt of an uprising"; "China keeps down her dissidents very efficiently";
"The rich landowners subjugated the peasants working the land")
13. reduce -- (undergo meiosis; "The cells reduce")
14. reduce -- (reposition (a broken bone after surgery) back to its normal site)
15. reduce -- (destress and thus weaken a sound when pronouncing it)
16. abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract, reduce -- (reduce in scope while
retaining essential elements; "The manuscript must be shortened")
17. boil down, reduce, decoct, concentrate -- (be cooked until very little liquid is left; "The
sauce should reduce to one cup")
18. reduce, boil down, concentrate -- (cook until very little liquid is left; "The cook reduced the
sauce by boiling it for a long time")
19. dilute, thin, thin out, reduce, cut -- (lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture;
"cut bourbon")
20. reduce, melt off, lose weight, slim, slenderize, thin, slim down -- (take off weight)
Overview of adj reduced
The adj reduced has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts)
1. (6) decreased, reduced -- (made less in size or amount or degree)
2. (1) reduced, rock-bottom -- (well below normal (especially in price))
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