ELIZA

return kwic search for response out of >500 occurrences
343831 occurrences (No.54 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

182) Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) functions as a cytokine to modulate the immune response.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:34842232 DOI:10.3791/60170

2021 Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

* Isolation of Exosome-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles Carrying Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor from Embryonic Stem Cells.

- Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into all types of embryonic cells. Like many other cell types, ESCs release small membrane vesicles, such as exosomes, to the extracellular environment. Exosomes serve as essential mediators of intercellular communication and play a basic role in many (patho)physiological processes. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) functions as a cytokine to modulate the immune response. The presence of GM-CSF in exosomes has the potential to boost their immune-regulatory function. Here, GM-CSF was stably overexpressed in the murine ESC cell line ES-D3. A protocol was developed to isolate high-quality exosome-enriched extracellular vesicles (EVs) from ES-D3 cells overexpressing GM-CSF. Isolated exosome-enriched EVs were characterized by a variety of experimental approaches. Importantly, significant amounts of GM-CSF were found to be present in exosome-enriched EVs. Overall, GM-CSF-bearing exosome-enriched EVs from ESCs might function as cell-free vesicles to exert their immune-regulatory activities.

--- ABSTRACT END ---

[
right
kwic]

[frequency of next (right) word to response]

(1)170 to	(11)5 rates	(21)2 although	(31)2 profiles
(2)56 null	(12)5 with	(22)2 are	(32)2 regulator
(3)27 and	(13)3 at	(23)2 bias,	(33)2 relationship
(4)21 of	(14)3 bias	(24)2 burden	(34)2 surface
(5)20 in	(15)3 genes	(25)2 compared	(35)2 theory
(6)11 was	(16)3 the	(26)2 curve	(36)2 time
(7)8 that	(17)3 through	(27)2 during	(37)2 when
(8)7 is	(18)3 were	(28)2 from
(9)5 by	(19)2 (UPR)	(29)2 observed
(10)5 rate	(20)2 across	(30)2 our

add keyword

--- WordNet output for response --- =>反応, 応答, 返答, 返報, 反響, 答唱句 Overview of noun response The noun response has 7 senses (first 5 from tagged texts) 1. (11) response -- (a result; "this situation developed in response to events in Africa") 2. (11) reaction, response -- (a bodily process occurring due to the effect of some antecedent stimulus or agent; "a bad reaction to the medicine"; "his responses have slowed with age") 3. (6) answer, reply, response -- (a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation; "I waited several days for his answer"; "he wrote replies to several of his critics") 4. (4) reception, response -- (the manner in which something is greeted; "she did not expect the cold reception she received from her superiors") 5. (1) response -- (a phrase recited or sung by the congregation following a versicle by the priest or minister) 6. reply, response -- (the speech act of continuing a conversational exchange; "he growled his reply") 7. response -- (the manner in which an electrical or mechanical device responds to an input signal or a range of input signals) --- WordNet end ---