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return kwic search for risk out of >500 occurrences
421954 occurrences (No.40 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

22) Alcohol exposure during adolescence causes persistent molecular, cellular, and behavioral changes that increase the risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD) into adulthood.

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PMID:34803772 DOI:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.764720

2021 Frontiers in psychiatry

* The Role of Melanocortin Plasticity in Pain-Related Outcomes After Alcohol Exposure.

- The global COVID-19 pandemic has shone a light on the rates and dangers of alcohol misuse in adults and adolescents in the US and globally. Alcohol exposure during adolescence causes persistent molecular, cellular, and behavioral changes that increase the risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD) into adulthood. It is established that alcohol abuse in adulthood increases the likelihood of pain hypersensitivity and the genesis of chronic pain, and humans report drinking alcohol to relieve pain symptoms. However, the longitudinal effects of alcohol exposure on pain and the underlying CNS signaling that mediates it are understudied. Specific brain regions mediate pain effects, alcohol effects, and pain-alcohol interactions, and neural signaling in those brain regions is modulated by neuropeptides. The CNS melanocortin system is sensitive to alcohol and modulates pain sensitivity, but this system is understudied in the context of pain-alcohol interactions. In this review, we focus on the role of melanocortin signaling in brain regions sensitive to alcohol and pain, in particular the amygdala. We also discuss interactions of melanocortins with other peptide systems, including the opioid system, as potential mediators of pain-alcohol interactions. Therapeutic strategies that target the melanocortin system may mitigate the negative consequences of alcohol misuse during adolescence and/or adulthood, including effects on pain-related outcomes.

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[frequency of next (right) word to risk]

(1)139 of	(11)7 prediction	(21)3 decision	(31)2 markers
(2)49 factors	(12)6 stratification	(22)3 or	(32)2 mitigation
(3)46 for	(13)5 individuals	(23)3 patients	(33)2 population
(4)21 null	(14)4 genes	(24)2 (OR	(34)2 ratio
(5)19 factor	(15)4 populations	(25)2 among	(35)2 reduction
(6)16 and	(16)4 score	(26)2 communication	(36)2 screening
(7)13 assessment	(17)4 to	(27)2 communication,	(37)2 strategies
(8)12 in	(18)4 variants	(28)2 designations
(9)8 perception	(19)3 alleles	(29)2 group
(10)7 factors,	(20)3 assessment,	(30)2 is

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--- WordNet output for risk --- =>1.損害の恐れ, 危険, 冒険, リスク, 2.危険にさらす, 3.敢えてする, 被保険者, 被保険物, 危険にさらす, 賭けてみる Overview of noun risk The noun risk has 4 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (4) hazard, jeopardy, peril, risk, endangerment -- (a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune; "drinking alcohol is a health hazard") 2. (2) risk, peril, danger -- (a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury; "he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime"; "there was a danger he would do the wrong thing") 3. risk, risk of infection -- (the probability of becoming infected given that exposure to an infectious agent has occurred) 4. risk, risk of exposure -- (the probability of being exposed to an infectious agent) Overview of verb risk The verb risk has 2 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (8) risk, put on the line, lay on the line -- (expose to a chance of loss or damage; "We risked losing a lot of money in this venture"; "Why risk your life?"; "She laid her job on the line when she told the boss that he was wrong") 2. (2) gamble, chance, risk, hazard, take chances, adventure, run a risk, take a chance -- (take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome; "When you buy these stocks you are gambling") --- WordNet end ---