ELIZA

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583352 occurrences (No.14 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

21) Both ALP and calcium levels in plasma showed similar and parallel increase patterns after exposure to 4-NP that were significantly higher compared with controls.

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PMID:23771873 DOI:10.1177/0748233713491806

2015 Toxicology and industrial health

* Short-term responses of selected endocrine parameters in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to 4-nonylphenol.

- The synthetic organic compound 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) has been shown to have a wide range of adverse effects on the endocrine system of various animals including fish. The present study evaluated the potential effects of 4-NP on vitellogenin (VTG) synthesis, steroid, and thyroid hormone concentrations in both juvenile male and female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were exposed by intraperitoneal injection to different doses of 4-NP (1, 10, 50, and 100 μg g(-1)) or vehicle (coconut oil) over a period of 14 days. Blood samples were collected 7 and 14 days after initiation of treatment. Plasma VTG levels in 4-NP-treated fish were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a high molecular weight protein band of 180 KDa. In addition, plasma VTG concentrations were quantified indirectly using plasma alkali-labile phosphate (ALP) and plasma calcium. Both ALP and calcium levels in plasma showed similar and parallel increase patterns after exposure to 4-NP that were significantly higher compared with controls. The analysis of plasma sex steroid levels revealed a significant increase in 17β-estradiol and testosterone in plasma of juvenile males and females, respectively. Furthermore, a significant increase was observed in plasma cortisol levels. On the other hand, 4-NP decreased both plasma triiodothyronine and thyroxine after 7 and 14 days of treatment. These results suggest that 4-NP can affect different parts of the endocrine system, which may lead to serious impairments in physiological homeostasis of juvenile rainbow trout.

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[frequency of next (right) word to significantly]

(1)88 higher	(13)8 improved	(25)3 (P<0.05)	(39)2 impaired
(2)43 lower	(14)6 correlated	(27)3 affect	(40)2 increases
(3)39 increased	(15)6 elevated	(28)3 better	(41)2 induced
(4)35 reduced	(16)6 fewer	(29)3 increase	(42)2 larger
(5)32 associated	(17)6 less	(30)3 worse	(43)2 predicted
(6)17 decreased	(18)5 enhanced	(31)2 (P	(44)2 reduce
(7)13 in	(19)5 inhibited	(32)2 (p	(45)2 shorter
(8)13 more	(20)4 affected	(34)2 altered	(46)2 smaller
(9)10 greater	(21)4 attenuated	(35)2 by	(47)2 suppressed
(10)10 related	(22)4 between	(36)2 compared	(48)2 to
(11)9 null	(23)4 from	(37)2 decreased,
(12)9 different	(24)4 the	(38)2 differed

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--- WordNet output for significantly --- =>きわめて, 意味深く, 意味ありげに Overview of adv significantly The adv significantly has 3 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (6) significantly -- (in a statistically significant way; "the two groups differed significantly") 2. (3) significantly -- (in a significant manner; "our budget will be significantly affected by these new cuts") 3. importantly, significantly -- (in an important way or to an important degree; "more importantly, Weber held that the manifold meaning attached to the event by the social scientist could alter his definition of the concrete event itself") --- WordNet end ---