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279736 occurrences (No.90 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

101) The observed between-group diffusivity differences might represent an adaptation to the specific motor demands of the respective musical instrument.

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PMID:24363265 DOI:10.1093/cercor/bht331

2015 Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

* Differential adaptation of descending motor tracts in musicians.

- Between-group comparisons of musicians and nonmusicians have revealed structural brain differences and also functional differences in motor performance. In this study, we aimed to examine the relation between white matter microstructure and high-level motor skills by contrasting 2 groups of musicians with different instrument-specific motor requirements. We used diffusion tensor imaging to compare diffusivity measures of different corticospinal motor tracts of 10 keyboard players, 10 string players, and 10 nonmusicians. Additionally, the maximal tapping rates of their left and right index fingers were determined. When compared with nonmusicians, fractional anisotropy (FA) values of right-hemispheric motor tracts were significantly higher in both musician groups, whereas left-hemispheric motor tracts showed significantly higher FA values only in the keyboard players. Voxel-wise FA analysis found a group effect in white matter underlying the right motor cortex. Diffusivity measures of fibers originating in the primary motor cortex correlated with the maximal tapping rate of the contralateral index finger across all groups. The observed between-group diffusivity differences might represent an adaptation to the specific motor demands of the respective musical instrument. This is supported further by finding correlations between diffusivity measures and maximal tapping rates.

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(2)9 sequence	(20)3 characteristics	(38)2 barriers	(56)2 measures
(3)7 and	(21)3 features	(39)2 computational	(57)2 miRNAs
(4)7 cell	(22)3 job	(40)2 constitutive	(58)2 molecular
(5)7 variations	(23)3 target	(41)2 criteria	(59)2 neuronal
(6)6 cognitive	(24)3 tendon	(42)2 deficits	(60)2 or
(7)6 genes	(25)3 therapy	(43)2 differences	(61)2 parameters
(8)6 surface	(26)3 type	(44)2 divergence	(62)2 phytotoxicity
(9)5 antibodies	(27)3 variation	(45)2 effect	(63)2 polymerase
(10)5 for	(28)2 null	(46)2 elements	(64)2 primers
(11)5 phobias	(29)2 ECM	(47)2 ethnocultural	(65)2 protein
(12)4 brain	(30)2 IgG	(48)2 extracellular	(66)2 proteins
(13)4 effects	(31)2 PCR	(49)2 fault	(67)2 recommendations
(14)4 growth	(32)2 age-dependent	(50)2 function	(68)2 requirements
(15)4 incidence	(33)2 analysis	(51)2 genetic	(69)2 self-efficacy
(16)4 manner	(34)2 antigen	(52)2 genomic	(70)2 targeted
(17)4 motor	(35)2 antigens	(53)2 information	(71)2 tests
(18)4 needs	(36)2 approach	(54)2 inhibitors

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--- WordNet output for specific --- =>特有の, 特効薬, 明確な, 特定の, 種の, はっきりした Overview of noun specific The noun specific has 2 senses (no senses from tagged texts) 1. particular, specific -- (a fact about some part (as opposed to general); "he always reasons from the particular to the general") 2. specific -- (a medicine that has a mitigating effect on a specific disease; "quinine is a specific for malaria") Overview of adj specific The adj specific has 4 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (39) specific -- ((sometimes followed by `to') applying to or characterized by or distinguishing something particular or special or unique; "rules with specific application"; "demands specific to the job"; "a specific and detailed account of the accident") 2. (5) specific -- (stated explicitly or in detail; "needed a specific amount") 3. specific -- (relating to or distinguishing or constituting a taxonomic species; "specific characters") 4. specific -- (being or affecting a disease produced by a particular microorganism or condition; used also of stains or dyes used in making microscope slides; "quinine is highly specific for malaria"; "a specific remedy"; "a specific stain is one having a specific affinity for particular structural elements") --- WordNet end ---