ELIZA cgi-bash version rev. 1.90
- Medical English LInking keywords finder for the PubMed Zipped Archive (ELIZA) -

return kwic search for specific out of >500 occurrences
279736 occurrences (No.90 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found
3) We argue that double standards about the application of informal social control to family versus street crime requires a measure of informal social control specific to child maltreatment.
--- ABSTRACT ---
PMID:23790509 DOI:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.05.002
2015 Child abuse & neglect
* Neighborhood informal social control and child maltreatment: A comparison of protective and punitive approaches.
- This paper introduces a new measure of informal social control of child maltreatment (henceforth ISC_CM) by neighbors. Research literature typically uses collective efficacy (Sampson, Raudenbush, & Earls, 1997) to examine neighborhood informal social control. We argue that double standards about the application of informal social control to family versus street crime requires a measure of informal social control specific to child maltreatment. We also argue that how neighbors intervene may matter as much as whether they intervene. Neighbors may engage in ISC_CM aimed at protecting the child and calming the parent, or more punitive ISC_CM aimed at deterring future abuse. We tested the relationship of both with very severe physical abuse and with abuse related child behavior problems. We used a random, 2-stage cluster design of Hanoi to collect the sample. Thirty Hanoi wards were randomly selected using probability proportional to size sampling. A simple random sample of families in each ward was then drawn using local government lists of ward residents. Based on power analysis, the target sample size was 300. Of 315 residents contacted, 293 participated, yielding a response rate of 93%. Random effects regression models (which estimate a random effect for each ward) were run in Stata11. We found that protective ISC_CM is associated with lower odds of very severe physical abuse and lower reported externalizing problems when abuse is present. Perceived collective efficacy and punitive ISC_CM is not associated with lower odds of very severe physical abuse. Implications for research, policy and practice are discussed. We conclude that further investigation of neighbor ISC_CM is needed to replicate the findings in other cultural contexts, ultimately followed by experimental manipulation of ISC_CM in a neighborhood context to examine the effects on child maltreatment. If further research corroborates the current findings, the development of neighborhood intervention programs to enhance protective ISC_CM may assist materially in reducing very severe child abuse and negative consequences stemming from such abuse.
--- ABSTRACT END ---
[
right
kwic]
[frequency of next (right) word to specific]
(1)15 to (19)4 types (37)2 attention (55)2 lineages
(2)9 sequence (20)3 characteristics (38)2 barriers (56)2 measures
(3)7 and (21)3 features (39)2 computational (57)2 miRNAs
(4)7 cell (22)3 job (40)2 constitutive (58)2 molecular
(5)7 variations (23)3 target (41)2 criteria (59)2 neuronal
(6)6 cognitive (24)3 tendon (42)2 deficits (60)2 or
(7)6 genes (25)3 therapy (43)2 differences (61)2 parameters
(8)6 surface (26)3 type (44)2 divergence (62)2 phytotoxicity
(9)5 antibodies (27)3 variation (45)2 effect (63)2 polymerase
(10)5 for (28)2 *null* (46)2 elements (64)2 primers
(11)5 phobias (29)2 ECM (47)2 ethnocultural (65)2 protein
(12)4 brain (30)2 IgG (48)2 extracellular (66)2 proteins
(13)4 effects (31)2 PCR (49)2 fault (67)2 recommendations
(14)4 growth (32)2 age-dependent (50)2 function (68)2 requirements
(15)4 incidence (33)2 analysis (51)2 genetic (69)2 self-efficacy
(16)4 manner (34)2 antigen (52)2 genomic (70)2 targeted
(17)4 motor (35)2 antigens (53)2 information (71)2 tests
(18)4 needs (36)2 approach (54)2 inhibitors

add keyword

--- WordNet output for specific --- =>特有の, 特効薬, 明確な, 特定の, 種の, はっきりした Overview of noun specific The noun specific has 2 senses (no senses from tagged texts) 1. particular, specific -- (a fact about some part (as opposed to general); "he always reasons from the particular to the general") 2. specific -- (a medicine that has a mitigating effect on a specific disease; "quinine is a specific for malaria") Overview of adj specific The adj specific has 4 senses (first 2 from tagged texts) 1. (39) specific -- ((sometimes followed by `to') applying to or characterized by or distinguishing something particular or special or unique; "rules with specific application"; "demands specific to the job"; "a specific and detailed account of the accident") 2. (5) specific -- (stated explicitly or in detail; "needed a specific amount") 3. specific -- (relating to or distinguishing or constituting a taxonomic species; "specific characters") 4. specific -- (being or affecting a disease produced by a particular microorganism or condition; used also of stains or dyes used in making microscope slides; "quinine is highly specific for malaria"; "a specific remedy"; "a specific stain is one having a specific affinity for particular structural elements") --- WordNet end ---