ELIZA cgi-bash version rev. 1.90
- Medical English LInking keywords finder for the PubMed Zipped Archive (ELIZA) -

return kwic search for studies out of >500 occurrences
532339 occurrences (No.23 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found
317) As in previous studies, we found that predictable in-time targets were better detected than unpredictable out-of-time targets.
--- ABSTRACT ---
PMID:24152544 DOI:10.1093/cercor/bht297
2015 Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
* TMS over V5 disrupts motion prediction.
- Given the vast amount of sensory information the brain has to deal with, predicting some of this information based on the current context is a resource-efficient strategy. The framework of predictive coding states that higher-level brain areas generate a predictive model to be communicated via feedback connections to early sensory areas. Here, we directly tested the necessity of a higher-level visual area, V5, in this predictive processing in the context of an apparent motion paradigm. We flashed targets on the apparent motion trace in-time or out-of-time with the predicted illusory motion token. As in previous studies, we found that predictable in-time targets were better detected than unpredictable out-of-time targets. However, when we applied functional magnetic resonance imaging-guided, double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over left V5 at 13-53 ms before target onset, the detection advantage of in-time targets was eliminated; this was not the case when TMS was applied over the vertex. Our results are causal evidence that V5 is necessary for a prediction effect, which has been shown to modulate V1 activity (Alink et al. 2010). Thus, our findings suggest that information processing between V5 and V1 is crucial for visual motion prediction, providing experimental support for the predictive coding framework.
--- ABSTRACT END ---
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[frequency of next (right) word to studies]
(1)61 have (14)8 with (27)3 demonstrate (40)2 including
(2)47 *null* (15)7 should (28)3 for (41)2 indicated
(3)32 of (16)6 is (29)3 however, (42)2 investigating
(4)26 are (17)6 we (30)3 performed (43)2 involving
(5)26 on (18)5 suggest (31)3 reported (44)2 it
(6)19 in (19)5 the (32)3 since (45)2 or
(7)17 were (20)4 as (33)3 which (46)2 provide
(8)16 and (21)4 demonstrated (34)2 about (47)2 published
(9)15 to (22)4 evaluating (35)2 also (48)2 regarding
(10)10 showed (23)4 from (36)2 can (49)2 targeting
(11)8 revealed (24)4 indicate (37)2 concerning (50)2 tested
(12)8 that (25)4 show (38)2 demonstrating (51)2 used
(13)8 using (26)3 based (39)2 has (52)2 was

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--- WordNet output for studies --- Overview of noun study The noun study has 10 senses (first 8 from tagged texts) 1. (90) survey, study -- (a detailed critical inspection) 2. (17) study, work -- (applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading); "mastering a second language requires a lot of work"; "no schools offer graduate study in interior design") 3. (6) report, study, written report -- (a written document describing the findings of some individual or group; "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale") 4. (6) study -- (a state of deep mental absorption; "she is in a deep study") 5. (6) study -- (a room used for reading and writing and studying; "he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study") 6. (3) discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study, study, bailiwick -- (a branch of knowledge; "in what discipline is his doctorate?"; "teachers should be well trained in their subject"; "anthropology is the study of human beings") 7. (2) sketch, study -- (preliminary drawing for later elaboration; "he made several studies before starting to paint") 8. (1) cogitation, study -- (attentive consideration and meditation; "after much cogitation he rejected the offer") 9. study -- (someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play); "he is a quick study") 10. study -- (a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique; "a study in spiccato bowing") Overview of verb study The verb study has 6 senses (first 6 from tagged texts) 1. (73) analyze, analyse, study, examine, canvass, canvas -- (consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning; "analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare"; "analyze the evidence in a criminal trial"; "analyze your real motives") 2. (17) study -- (be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning) 3. (15) study, consider -- (give careful consideration to; "consider the possibility of moving") 4. (13) learn, study, read, take -- (be a student of a certain subject; "She is reading for the bar exam") 5. (5) study, hit the books -- (learn by reading books; "He is studying geology in his room"; "I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now") 6. (2) study, meditate, contemplate -- (think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes; "He is meditating in his study") --- WordNet end ---