2015 International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology
* Trying to restore justice: bureaucracies, risk management, and disciplinary boundaries in New Zealand criminal justice.
- New Zealand is well known for its restorative justice conferences in the youth justice system. However, restorative justice has yet to overwhelm the adult criminal justice system. Based on interviews in New Zealand with correctional staff, restorative justice providers, and others, this article explores the reason for the modest inroads that restorative practice has made, and suggests that the general context may explain the limits of restorative justice in other places. The article argues that bureaucratic silos make it challenging to determine if restorative practice might fit within a rehabilitation or reintegration framework. In addition, because of the dominance of psychological modes for assessing and treating criminal behavior, an overarching preoccupation with risk management orients correctional practice toward treatment. Moreover, restorative justice's affiliation with victims' perspectives has made its placement within offender reintegration difficult to imagine. Finally, the penal populism that frames correctional practice in New Zealand, and other Anglophone countries, makes alternative to punishment harder to sell. However, the current liminal state of correctional practice creates an opportunity to conceive of more humanistic ways of repairing the harm caused by crime.
=>制度組織体系的方式, システム, 組織, 整然とした手順, (思想などの)体系, 体制
Overview of noun system
The noun system has 9 senses (first 8 from tagged texts)
1. (43) system -- (instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work
as a coherent entity; "he bought a new stereo system"; "the system consists of a motor and a small
computer")
2. (23) system, scheme -- (a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified
whole; "a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going")
3. (14) system -- ((physical chemistry) a sample of matter in which substances in different phases
are in equilibrium; "in a static system oil cannot be replaced by water on a surface"; "a system
generating hydrogen peroxide")
4. (10) system, system of rules -- (a complex of methods or rules governing behavior; "they have to
operate under a system they oppose"; "that language has a complex system for indicating gender")
5. (8) arrangement, organization, organisation, system -- (an organized structure for arranging or
classifying; "he changed the arrangement of the topics"; "the facts were familiar but it was in the
organization of them that he was original"; "he tried to understand their system of classification")
6. (7) system -- (a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts; "the body has
a system of organs for digestion")
7. (6) system -- (a procedure or process for obtaining an objective; "they had to devise a system
that did not depend on cooperation")
8. (1) system -- (the living body considered as made up of interdependent components forming a
unified whole; "exercise helped him get the alcohol out of his system")
9. organization, organisation, system -- (an ordered manner; orderliness by virtue of being
methodical and well organized; "his compulsive organization was not an endearing quality"; "we can't
do it unless we establish some system around here")
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