* DNA barcoding of commercially important catfishes in the Philippines.
- Many species of catfish are important resources for human consumption, for sport fishing and for use in aquarium industry. In the Philippines, some species are cultivated and some are caught in the wild for food and a few introduced species have become invasive. In this study, DNA barcoding using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene was done on commercially and economically important Philippine catfishes. A total of 75 specimens belonging to 11 species and 5 families were DNA barcoded. The genetic distances were computed and Neighbor-Joining (NJ) trees were constructed based on the Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) method. The average K2P distances within species, genus, family and order were 0.2, 8.2, 12.7 and 21.9%, respectively. COI sequences clustered according to their species designation for 7 of the 11 catfishes. DNA barcoding was not able to discriminate between Arius dispar and A. manillensis and between Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus and P. pardalis. The morphological characters that are used to distinguish between these species do not complement molecular identification through DNA barcoding. DNA barcoding also showed that Clarias batrachus from the Philippines is different from the species found in India and Thailand, which supports earlier suggestions based on morphology that those found in India should be designated as C. magur and those in mainland Southeast Asia as C. aff. batrachus "Indochina". This study has shown that DNA barcoding can be used for species delineation and for tagging some species for further taxonomic investigation, which has implications on proper management and conservation strategies.
=>直通の, のために, の間じゅう, 終わって, を貫いて, の中を通って, のいたるところに, を通じて
Overview of adj through
The adj through has 2 senses (first 1 from tagged texts)
1. (4) done, through, through with -- (having finished or arrived at completion; "certain to make
history before he's done"; "it's a done deed"; "after the treatment, the patient is through except
for follow-up"; "almost through with his studies")
2. through -- ((of a route or journey etc.) continuing without requiring stops or changes; "a
through street"; "a through bus"; "through traffic")
Overview of adv through
The adv through has 5 senses (first 3 from tagged texts)
1. (5) through -- (from beginning to end; "read this book through")
2. (2) through -- (over the whole distance; "this bus goes through to New York")
3. (1) through -- (to completion; "think this through very carefully!")
4. through -- (in diameter; "this cylinder measures 15 inches through")
5. through, through and through -- (throughout the entire extent; "got soaked through in the rain";
"I'm frozen through"; "a letter shot through with the writer's personality"; "knew him through and
through"; "boards rotten through and through")
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