* Real-time PCR assay for detection and differentiation of Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii from culture and clinical specimens.
- Coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) is a pulmonary and systemic fungal disease with increasing incidence and expanding endemic areas. The differentiation of etiologic agents Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii remains problematic in the clinical laboratories as conventional PCR and satellite typing schemes are not facile. Therefore, we developed Cy5- and FAM-labeled TaqMan-probes for duplex real-time PCR assay for rapid differentiation of C. immitis and C. posadasii from culture and clinical specimens. The RRA2 gene encoding proline-rich antigen 2, specific for Coccidioides genus, was the source for the first set of primers and probe. Coccidioides immitis contig 2.2 (GenBank: AAEC02000002.1) was used to design the second set of primers and probe. The second primers/probe did not amplify the corresponding C. posadasii DNA, because of an 86-bp deletion in the contig. The assay was highly sensitive with limit of detection of 0.1 pg gDNA/PCR reaction, which was equivalent to approximately ten genome copies of C. immitis or C. posadasii. The assay was highly specific with no cross-reactivity to the wide range of fungal and bacterial pathogens. Retrospective analysis of fungal isolates and primary specimens submitted from 1995 to 2020 confirmed 168 isolates and four primary specimens as C. posadasii and 30 isolates as C. immitis from human coccidioidomycosis cases, while all eight primary samples from two animals (rhesus monkey and rhinoceros) were confirmed as C. posadasii. A preliminary analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and pleural fluid samples showed positive correlation between serology tests and real-time PCR for two of the 15 samples. The Coccidioides spp. duplex real-time PCR will allow rapid differentiation of C. immitis and C. posadasii from clinical specimens and further augment the treatment and surveillance of coccidioidomycosis.
=>1.時代, 季節, 歳月, 当時, 現代, 一生, 年季, 就業時間, 期間, 時刻, 時点, 機会, 拍子, 速度, 何度, 何回,
時, 時間, 回, 2.時間[速度]を測定する, 時間を決める, (装置などの)タイミングを調節する
Overview of noun time
The noun time has 10 senses (first 9 from tagged texts)
1. (219) time, clip -- (an instance or single occasion for some event; "this time he succeeded"; "he
called four times"; "he could do ten at a clip")
2. (160) time -- (a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to
accomplish something; "take time to smell the roses"; "I didn't have time to finish"; "it took more
than half my time")
3. (114) time -- (an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities); "he
waited a long time"; "the time of year for planting"; "he was a great actor in his time")
4. (43) time -- (a suitable moment; "it is time to go")
5. (36) time -- (the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the
present to the past)
6. (10) time -- (a person's experience on a particular occasion; "he had a time holding back the
tears"; "they had a good time together")
7. (7) clock time, time -- (a reading of a point in time as given by a clock; "do you know what time
it is?"; "the time is 10 o'clock")
8. (5) fourth dimension, time -- (the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial
dimensions) to specify a physical event)
9. (1) meter, metre, time -- (rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration)
10. prison term, sentence, time -- (the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned; "he served a prison
term of 15 months"; "his sentence was 5 to 10 years"; "he is doing time in the county jail")
Overview of verb time
The verb time has 5 senses (first 3 from tagged texts)
1. (4) clock, time -- (measure the time or duration of an event or action or the person who performs
an action in a certain period of time; "he clocked the runners")
2. (3) time -- (assign a time for an activity or event; "The candidate carefully timed his
appearance at the disaster scene")
3. (1) time -- (set the speed, duration, or execution of; "we time the process to manufacture our
cars very precisely")
4. time -- (regulate or set the time of; "time the clock")
5. time -- (adjust so that a force is applied and an action occurs at the desired time; "The good
player times his swing so as to hit the ball squarely")
--- WordNet end ---