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821596 occurrences (No.5 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

20) However, in data sets composed of individuals from diverse ancestries, HWE can be violated even without genotyping error, complicating the use of HWE testing to assess genotype data quality.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:33720349 DOI:10.1093/genetics/iyab044

2021 Genetics

* Robust, flexible, and scalable tests for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium across diverse ancestries.

- Traditional Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) tests (the χ2 test and the exact test) have long been used as a metric for evaluating genotype quality, as technical artifacts leading to incorrect genotype calls often can be identified as deviations from HWE. However, in data sets composed of individuals from diverse ancestries, HWE can be violated even without genotyping error, complicating the use of HWE testing to assess genotype data quality. In this manuscript, we present the Robust Unified Test for HWE (RUTH) to test for HWE while accounting for population structure and genotype uncertainty, and to evaluate the impact of population heterogeneity and genotype uncertainty on the standard HWE tests and alternative methods using simulated and real sequence data sets. Our results demonstrate that ignoring population structure or genotype uncertainty in HWE tests can inflate false-positive rates by many orders of magnitude. Our evaluations demonstrate different tradeoffs between false positives and statistical power across the methods, with RUTH consistently among the best across all evaluations. RUTH is implemented as a practical and scalable software tool to rapidly perform HWE tests across millions of markers and hundreds of thousands of individuals while supporting standard VCF/BCF formats. RUTH is publicly available at https://www.github.com/statgen/ruth.

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(1)183 of	(9)6 as	(17)3 are	(25)2 co-design
(2)43 in	(10)6 for	(18)3 disorder,	(26)2 data
(3)36 and	(11)5 this	(19)3 on	(27)2 has
(4)25 null	(12)4 cases	(20)3 or	(28)2 included
(5)18 the	(13)4 disorders	(21)2 an	(29)2 may
(6)9 a	(14)4 to	(22)2 appears
(7)8 is	(15)4 with	(23)2 arginine
(8)7 disorder	(16)3 alcohol	(24)2 but

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--- WordNet output for use --- =>利用, 使う, 利用する, (体, 能力など)を働かす, 使用, 利用法 Overview of noun use The noun use has 7 senses (first 6 from tagged texts) 1. (90) use, usage, utilization, utilisation, employment, exercise -- (the act of using; "he warned against the use of narcotic drugs"; "skilled in the utilization of computers") 2. (18) function, purpose, role, use -- (what something is used for; "the function of an auger is to bore holes"; "ballet is beautiful but what use is it?") 3. (7) use -- (a particular service; "he put his knowledge to good use"; "patrons have their uses") 4. (1) consumption, economic consumption, usance, use, use of goods and services -- ((economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing; "the consumption of energy has increased steadily") 5. (1) habit, use -- ((psychology) an automatic pattern of behavior in reaction to a specific situation; may be inherited or acquired through frequent repetition; "owls have nocturnal habits"; "she had a habit twirling the ends of her hair"; "long use had hardened him to it") 6. (1) manipulation, use -- (exerting shrewd or devious influence especially for one's own advantage; "his manipulation of his friends was scandalous") 7. use, enjoyment -- ((law) the exercise of the legal right to enjoy the benefits of owning property; "we were given the use of his boat") Overview of verb use The verb use has 6 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (603) use, utilize, utilise, apply, employ -- (put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; "use your head!"; "we only use Spanish at home"; "I can't use this tool"; "Apply a magnetic field here"; "This thinking was applied to many projects"; "How do you utilize this tool?"; "I apply this rule to get good results"; "use the plastic bags to store the food"; "He doesn't know how to use a computer") 2. (12) use, habituate -- (take or consume (regularly or habitually); "She uses drugs rarely") 3. (8) use, expend -- (use up, consume fully; "The legislature expended its time on school questions") 4. use -- (seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage; "She uses her influential friends to get jobs"; "The president's wife used her good connections") 5. practice, apply, use -- (avail oneself to; "apply a principle"; "practice a religion"; "use care when going down the stairs"; "use your common sense"; "practice non-violent resistance") 6. use -- (habitually do something (use only in the past tense); "She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally"; "I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall"; "They used to vacation in the Bahamas") --- WordNet end ---