* Paternal involvement and fetal morbidity outcomes in HIV/AIDS: a population-based study.
- Prior research indicates that infants with absent fathers are vulnerable to unfavorable fetal birth outcomes. HIV is a recognized risk factor for adverse birth outcomes. However, the influence of paternal involvement on fetal morbidity outcomes in women with HIV remains poorly understood. Using linked hospital discharge data and vital statistics records for the state of Florida (1998-2007), the authors assessed the association between paternal involvement and fetal growth outcomes (i.e., low birth weight [LBW], very low birth weight [VLBW], preterm birth [PTB], very preterm birth [VPTB], and small for gestational age [SGA]) among HIV-positive mothers (N=4,719). Propensity score matching was used to match cases (absent fathers) to controls (fathers involved). Conditional logistic regression was employed to generate adjusted odds ratios (OR). Mothers of infants with absent fathers were more likely to be Black, younger (<35 years old), and unmarried with at least a high school education (p<.01). They were also more likely to have a history of drug (p<.01) and alcohol (p=.02) abuse. These differences disappeared after propensity score matching. Infants of HIV-positive mothers with absent paternal involvement during pregnancy had elevated risks for adverse fetal outcomes (LBW: OR=1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.05-1.60; VLBW: OR=1.72, 95% CI=1.05-2.82; PTB: OR=1.38, 95% CI=1.13-1.69; VPTB: OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.13-2.90). Absence of fathers increases the likelihood of adverse fetal morbidity outcomes in women with HIV infection. These findings underscore the importance of paternal involvement during pregnancy, especially as an important component of programs for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
=>1.〜に慣れて, 2.用いられた, 中古の
Overview of verb use
The verb use has 6 senses (first 3 from tagged texts)
1. (603) use, utilize, utilise, apply, employ -- (put into service; make work or employ for a
particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; "use your head!"; "we only use Spanish at
home"; "I can't use this tool"; "Apply a magnetic field here"; "This thinking was applied to many
projects"; "How do you utilize this tool?"; "I apply this rule to get good results"; "use the
plastic bags to store the food"; "He doesn't know how to use a computer")
2. (12) use, habituate -- (take or consume (regularly or habitually); "She uses drugs rarely")
3. (8) use, expend -- (use up, consume fully; "The legislature expended its time on school
questions")
4. use -- (seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage; "She uses her influential friends to
get jobs"; "The president's wife used her good connections")
5. practice, apply, use -- (avail oneself to; "apply a principle"; "practice a religion"; "use care
when going down the stairs"; "use your common sense"; "practice non-violent resistance")
6. use -- (habitually do something (use only in the past tense); "She used to call her mother every
week but now she calls only occasionally"; "I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall";
"They used to vacation in the Bahamas")
Overview of adj used
The adj used has 3 senses (first 3 from tagged texts)
1. (4) used -- (employed in accomplishing something; "the principle of surprise is the most used and
misused of all the principles of war"- H.H.Arnold & I.C.Eaker)
2. (1) exploited, ill-used, put-upon, used, victimized, victimised -- (of persons; taken advantage
of; "after going out of his way to help his friend get the job he felt not appreciated but used")
3. (1) secondhand, used -- (previously used or owned by another; "bought a secondhand (or used)
car")
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