ELIZA

return kwic search for used to out of >500 occurrences
298981 occurrences (No.78 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [cache]

406) The use of scenario trees is the core modelling approach used to represent the steps necessary for the hazard to occur.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:24237667 DOI:10.1111/tbed.12180

2015 Transboundary and emerging diseases

* Animal Disease Import Risk Analysis--a Review of Current Methods and Practice.

- The application of risk analysis to the spread of disease with international trade in animals and their products, that is, import risk analysis (IRA), has been largely driven by the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) agreement of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The degree to which the IRA standard established by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), and associated guidance, meets the needs of the SPS agreement is discussed. The use of scenario trees is the core modelling approach used to represent the steps necessary for the hazard to occur. There is scope to elaborate scenario trees for commodity IRA so that the quantity of hazard at each step is assessed, which is crucial to the likelihood of establishment. The dependence between exposure and establishment suggests that they should fall within the same subcomponent. IRA undertaken for trade reasons must include an assessment of consequences to meet SPS criteria, but guidance is sparse. The integration of epidemiological and economic modelling may open a path for better methods. Matrices have been used in qualitative IRA to combine estimates of entry and exposure, and consequences with likelihood, but this approach has flaws and better methods are needed. OIE IRA standards and guidance indicate that the volume of trade should be taken into account, but offer no detail. Some published qualitative IRAs have assumed current levels and patterns of trade without specifying the volume of trade, which constrains the use of IRA to determine mitigation measures (to reduce risk to an acceptable level) and whether the principle of equivalence, fundamental to the SPS agreement, has been observed. It is questionable whether qualitative IRA can meet all the criteria set out in the SPS agreement. Nevertheless, scope exists to elaborate the current standards and guidance, so they better serve the principle of science-based decision-making.

--- ABSTRACT END ---

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[frequency of next (right) word to used to]

(1)28 assess	(20)5 design	(39)3 establish	(58)2 find
(2)28 identify	(21)5 increase	(40)3 observe	(59)2 fit
(3)23 evaluate	(22)5 inform	(41)3 prevent	(60)2 form
(4)20 study	(23)5 obtain	(42)3 solve	(61)2 further
(5)17 estimate	(24)5 quantify	(43)3 validate	(62)2 gain
(6)17 measure	(25)5 reconstruct	(44)2 accurately	(63)2 help
(7)16 determine	(26)4 calculate	(45)2 address	(64)2 improve
(8)16 examine	(27)4 characterize	(46)2 amplify	(65)2 make
(9)12 explore	(28)4 confirm	(47)2 avoid	(66)2 match
(10)10 treat	(29)4 construct	(48)2 be	(67)2 optimize
(11)9 analyze	(30)4 illustrate	(49)2 conduct	(68)2 perform
(12)8 develop	(31)4 reduce	(50)2 create	(69)2 prepare
(13)8 investigate	(32)4 screen	(51)2 demonstrate	(70)2 produce
(14)8 predict	(33)4 simulate	(52)2 derive	(71)2 promote
(15)7 collect	(34)4 verify	(53)2 describe	(72)2 recruit
(16)7 compare	(35)3 classify	(54)2 distinguish	(73)2 represent
(17)7 test	(36)3 compute	(55)2 explain	(74)2 select
(18)6 analyse	(37)3 control	(56)2 extrapolate
(19)6 detect	(38)3 define	(57)2 facilitate

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--- WordNet output for used --- =>1.〜に慣れて, 2.用いられた, 中古の Overview of verb use The verb use has 6 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (603) use, utilize, utilise, apply, employ -- (put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; "use your head!"; "we only use Spanish at home"; "I can't use this tool"; "Apply a magnetic field here"; "This thinking was applied to many projects"; "How do you utilize this tool?"; "I apply this rule to get good results"; "use the plastic bags to store the food"; "He doesn't know how to use a computer") 2. (12) use, habituate -- (take or consume (regularly or habitually); "She uses drugs rarely") 3. (8) use, expend -- (use up, consume fully; "The legislature expended its time on school questions") 4. use -- (seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage; "She uses her influential friends to get jobs"; "The president's wife used her good connections") 5. practice, apply, use -- (avail oneself to; "apply a principle"; "practice a religion"; "use care when going down the stairs"; "use your common sense"; "practice non-violent resistance") 6. use -- (habitually do something (use only in the past tense); "She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally"; "I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall"; "They used to vacation in the Bahamas") Overview of adj used The adj used has 3 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (4) used -- (employed in accomplishing something; "the principle of surprise is the most used and misused of all the principles of war"- H.H.Arnold & I.C.Eaker) 2. (1) exploited, ill-used, put-upon, used, victimized, victimised -- (of persons; taken advantage of; "after going out of his way to help his friend get the job he felt not appreciated but used") 3. (1) secondhand, used -- (previously used or owned by another; "bought a secondhand (or used) car") --- WordNet end ---