ELIZA

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475194 occurrences (No.33 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

228) To assess the development of behavioral sensitization, rats were chronically treated with vehicle, varenicline (0.03-3.0 mg/kg), nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) or combinations for 5 days and locomotor activity was measured.

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PMID:24251901 DOI:10.1111/adb.12108

2015 Addiction biology

* The effect of varenicline on the development and expression of nicotine-induced behavioral sensitization and cross-sensitization in rats.

- The present study focused on the evaluation of behavioral sensitization and cross-sensitization induced by nicotine and varenicline in rats. Furthermore, it examined the influence of varenicline, a partial alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor agonist, on nicotine-induced sensitization. To assess the development of behavioral sensitization, rats were chronically treated with vehicle, varenicline (0.03-3.0 mg/kg), nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) or combinations for 5 days and locomotor activity was measured. The expression of sensitization was assessed following a withdrawal period (17-26 days). The present results confirmed previous data showing the development and expression of nicotine-induced sensitization of locomotor activity in the rat. Varenicline did not induce sensitization on its own. When varenicline and nicotine were repeatedly administered sequentially, varenicline blocked the development and expression of nicotine-induced sensitization. Acute varenicline blocked the expression of nicotine-induced sensitization in a dose-dependent manner. Acute varenicline did not significantly increase locomotor activity, nor did it attenuate nicotine-induced sensitization. However, varenicline did cross-sensitize to the effects of nicotine, and vice versa. The present study showed that varenicline produced a dose-dependent bidirectional cross-sensitization with nicotine. Taken together, these findings provide pre-clinical evidence that varenicline is able to attenuate the effects of nicotine, yet simultaneously 'substitutes' for the effects of nicotine in the rat. Longitudinal studies would be needed to see if similar effects are seen in the clinical setting, and whether such effects contribute to the actions of varenicline as a smoking cessation aid.

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(1)70 of	(13)6 patterns	(25)3 but	(37)2 functional
(2)54 null	(14)5 may	(26)3 changes	(38)2 increased
(3)49 and	(15)5 using	(27)3 for	(39)2 induces
(4)45 in	(16)5 with	(28)3 measured	(40)2 level
(5)17 was	(17)4 at	(29)3 through	(41)2 or
(6)11 against	(18)4 levels	(30)2 Questionnaire	(42)2 over
(7)10 during	(19)4 on	(31)2 after	(43)2 promotion
(8)9 (PA)	(20)4 which	(32)2 between	(44)2 resumption
(9)8 is	(21)4 while	(33)2 calcium	(45)2 than
(10)7 to	(22)3 among	(34)2 compared	(46)2 that
(11)7 were	(23)3 are	(35)2 decreased	(47)2 via
(12)6 by	(24)3 as	(36)2 diary	(48)2 when

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--- WordNet output for activity --- =>活動, 活躍, 働き, 動き, 活気 Overview of noun activity The noun activity has 6 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (43) activity -- (any specific behavior; "they avoided all recreational activity") 2. (36) action, activity, activeness -- (the state of being active; "his sphere of activity"; "he is out of action") 3. (13) bodily process, body process, bodily function, activity -- (an organic process that takes place in the body; "respiratory activity") 4. activity -- ((chemistry) the capacity of a substance to take part in a chemical reaction; "catalytic activity") 5. natural process, natural action, action, activity -- (a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings); "the action of natural forces"; "volcanic activity") 6. activeness, activity -- (the trait of being active; moving or acting rapidly and energetically; "the level of activity declines with age") --- WordNet end ---