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475194 occurrences (No.33 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found
33) Tramadol abuse group and combination abuse group showed significant decrease in the activities of I, III, and IV complexes but not in the activity of complex II.
--- ABSTRACT ---
PMID:23843224 DOI:10.1177/0748233713491814
2015 Toxicology and industrial health
* Effects of tramadol, clonazepam, and their combination on brain mitochondrial complexes.
- The present study is an unsubstantiated qualitative assessment of the abused drugs-tramadol and clonazepam. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the effects of tramadol, clonazepam, and their combination on mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes were influential at therapeutic or at progressively increasing doses. The study comprised of a total of 70 healthy male rats, aged 3 months. According to the drug intake regimen, animals were divided into seven groups: control, tramadol therapeutic, clonazepam therapeutic, combination therapeutic, tramadol abuse, clonazepam abuse, and combination abuse group. At the end of the experiment, brain mitochondrial ETC complexes (I, II, III, and IV) were evaluated. Histopathological examinations were also performed on brain tissues. The results showed that groups that received tramadol (therapeutic and abuse) suffered from weight loss. Tramadol abuse group and combination abuse group showed significant decrease in the activities of I, III, and IV complexes but not in the activity of complex II. In conclusion, tramadol but not clonazepam has been found to partially inhibit the activities of respiratory chain complexes I, III, and IV but not the activity of complex II and such inhibition occurred only at doses that exceeded the maximum recommended adult human daily therapeutic doses. This result explains the clinical and histopathological effects of tramadol, such as seizures and red neurons (marker for apoptosis), respectively.
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(1)70 of (13)6 patterns (25)3 but (37)2 functional
(2)54 *null* (14)5 may (26)3 changes (38)2 increased
(3)49 and (15)5 using (27)3 for (39)2 induces
(4)45 in (16)5 with (28)3 measured (40)2 level
(5)17 was (17)4 at (29)3 through (41)2 or
(6)11 against (18)4 levels (30)2 Questionnaire (42)2 over
(7)10 during (19)4 on (31)2 after (43)2 promotion
(8)9 (PA) (20)4 which (32)2 between (44)2 resumption
(9)8 is (21)4 while (33)2 calcium (45)2 than
(10)7 to (22)3 among (34)2 compared (46)2 that
(11)7 were (23)3 are (35)2 decreased (47)2 via
(12)6 by (24)3 as (36)2 diary (48)2 when

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--- WordNet output for activity --- =>活動, 活躍, 働き, 動き, 活気 Overview of noun activity The noun activity has 6 senses (first 3 from tagged texts) 1. (43) activity -- (any specific behavior; "they avoided all recreational activity") 2. (36) action, activity, activeness -- (the state of being active; "his sphere of activity"; "he is out of action") 3. (13) bodily process, body process, bodily function, activity -- (an organic process that takes place in the body; "respiratory activity") 4. activity -- ((chemistry) the capacity of a substance to take part in a chemical reaction; "catalytic activity") 5. natural process, natural action, action, activity -- (a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings); "the action of natural forces"; "volcanic activity") 6. activeness, activity -- (the trait of being active; moving or acting rapidly and energetically; "the level of activity declines with age") --- WordNet end ---