ELIZA

return kwic search for changes out of >500 occurrences
332920 occurrences (No.57 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

446) It is expected that those parameters may undergo changes before reduction in pulmonary functions takes place.

--- ABSTRACT ---

PMID:23258737 DOI:10.1177/0748233712468021

2015 Toxicology and industrial health

* Impact of aluminum exposure on lung.

- Aluminum (Al) metal is considered one of the most benign industrial metals. Although the harmful effects of Al on respiratory health have been denied by some studies, others reported its noxious effect on the lung through spirometric measurements. This work aimed at studying the effect of Al fumes on pulmonary functions of occupationally exposed workers. It investigated the possible relationship between inhalation exposure to Al fumes and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT). The study participants comprised a group of 56 male Al workers with a mean duration of occupational exposure of 10.1 ± 9.5 years and 52 male participants who were not exposed to Al fumes as the control group. All participants filled a questionnaire, underwent full clinical examination and their spirometric pulmonary functions were measured. Blood samples were collected for the determination of serum CRP and A1AT and urine samples for measuring Al. Results revealed that urinary Al (UAl) was significantly higher in Al workers compared with controls (p < 0.05). However, spirometric measures showed no significant difference between the exposed group and the controls. A1AT was significantly lowered in Al workers compared with the controls (p < 0.000). Serum CRP was positive in only two (3.6%) of the exposed workers. Smokers of both groups (exposed and controls) showed significantly higher UAl and lower A1AT compared with nonsmokers. There was only significant negative correlation between the duration of exposure and A1AT (p < 0.05). There was a positive significant correlation between smoking index (SI) and UAl. There was also significant negative correlation between SI and some of the pulmonary function tests namely the percentage of predicted forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second and peak expiratory flow in the exposed group. Those correlations point to the importance of the combined effect of smoking and Al exposure on the impairment of lung functions. The study recommends the determination of CRP and A1AT in Al-exposed workers. It is expected that those parameters may undergo changes before reduction in pulmonary functions takes place.

--- ABSTRACT END ---

[
right
kwic]

[frequency of next (right) word to changes]

(1)247 in	(8)8 that	(15)3 have	(22)2 for
(2)31 of	(9)7 during	(16)3 over	(23)2 induced
(3)26 null	(10)6 may	(17)3 the	(24)2 or
(4)26 were	(11)5 at	(18)3 was	(25)2 related
(5)15 to	(12)4 on	(19)2 accompany	(26)2 seen
(6)13 and	(13)3 as	(20)2 can	(27)2 such
(7)8 are	(14)3 by	(21)2 could	(28)2 which

add keyword

--- WordNet output for changes --- Overview of noun change The noun change has 10 senses (first 7 from tagged texts) 1. (46) change, alteration, modification -- (an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another; "the change was intended to increase sales"; "this storm is certainly a change for the worse"; "the neighborhood had undergone few modifications since his last visit years ago") 2. (45) change -- (a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event; "he attributed the change to their marriage") 3. (17) change -- (the action of changing something; "the change of government had no impact on the economy"; "his change on abortion cost him the election") 4. (13) change -- (the result of alteration or modification; "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs"; "there had been no change in the mountains") 5. (2) change -- (the balance of money received when the amount you tender is greater than the amount due; "I paid with a twenty and pocketed the change") 6. (1) change -- (a thing that is different; "he inspected several changes before selecting one") 7. (1) change -- (a different or fresh set of clothes; "she brought a change in her overnight bag") 8. change -- (coins of small denomination regarded collectively; "he had a pocketful of change") 9. change -- (money received in return for its equivalent in a larger denomination or a different currency; "he got change for a twenty and used it to pay the taxi driver") 10. variety, change -- (a difference that is usually pleasant; "he goes to France for variety"; "it is a refreshing change to meet a woman mechanic") Overview of verb change The verb change has 10 senses (first 8 from tagged texts) 1. (57) change, alter, modify -- (cause to change; make different; cause a transformation; "The advent of the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city"; "The discussion has changed my thinking about the issue") 2. (54) change -- (undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; "She changed completely as she grew older"; "The weather changed last night") 3. (13) change, alter, vary -- (become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence; "her mood changes in accordance with the weather"; "The supermarket's selection of vegetables varies according to the season") 4. (7) switch, shift, change -- (lay aside, abandon, or leave for another; "switch to a different brand of beer"; "She switched psychiatrists"; "The car changed lanes") 5. (6) change -- (change clothes; put on different clothes; "Change before you go to the opera") 6. (5) change, exchange, commute, convert -- (exchange or replace with another, usually of the same kind or category; "Could you convert my dollars into pounds?"; "He changed his name"; "convert centimeters into inches"; "convert holdings into shares") 7. (3) exchange, change, interchange -- (give to, and receive from, one another; "Would you change places with me?"; "We have been exchanging letters for a year") 8. (3) transfer, change -- (change from one vehicle or transportation line to another; "She changed in Chicago on her way to the East coast") 9. deepen, change -- (become deeper in tone; "His voice began to change when he was 12 years old"; "Her voice deepened when she whispered the password") 10. change -- (remove or replace the coverings of; "Father had to learn how to change the baby"; "After each guest we changed the bed linens") --- WordNet end ---