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383385 occurrences (No.47 in the rank) during 5 years in the PubMed. [no cache] 500 found

406) In order to succeed in this attempt, we identified three stages of development, including (a) proof-of-principle, (b) predictive validity and (c) general scientific legitimacy, and the respective criteria that should be applied for such selection.

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PMID:23135814 DOI:10.1002/term.1637

2015 Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

* Preclinical evaluation of injectable bone substitute materials.

- Injectable bone substitutes (IBSs) represent an attractive class of ready-to-use biomaterials, both ceramic- and polymer-based, as they offer the potential benefit of minimally invasive surgery and optimal defect filling. Although in vitro assessments are the first step in the process of development, the safety and efficacy of an IBS strongly depend on validated preclinical research prior to clinical trials. However, the selection of a suitable preclinical model for performance evaluation of an IBS remains a challenge, as no gold standard exists to define the best animal model. In order to succeed in this attempt, we identified three stages of development, including (a) proof-of-principle, (b) predictive validity and (c) general scientific legitimacy, and the respective criteria that should be applied for such selection. The second part of this review provides an overview of commonly used animals for IBSs. Specifically, scientific papers published between January 1996 and March 2012 were retrieved that report the use of preclinical models for the evaluation of IBSs in situations requiring bone healing and bone augmentation. This review is meant not only to describe the currently available preclinical models for IBS application, but also to address critical considerations of such multi-factorial evaluation models (including animal species, strain, age, anatomical site, defect size and type of bone), which can be indicative but in most cases edge away from the human reality. Consequently, the ultimate goal is to guide researchers toward a more careful and meaningful interpretation of the results of experiments using animal models and their clinical applications.

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[frequency of next (right) word to development]

(1)236 of	(6)6 was	(11)3 and/or	(16)2 on
(2)59 and	(7)5 as	(12)3 by	(17)2 progression,
(3)54 null	(8)4 are	(13)3 including	(18)2 to
(4)21 in	(9)4 for	(14)3 process
(5)6 is	(10)4 were	(15)2 after

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--- WordNet output for development --- =>発達, 開発, 産物, 進展 Overview of noun development The noun development has 9 senses (first 7 from tagged texts) 1. (52) development -- (act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining; "he congratulated them on their development of a plan to meet the emergency"; "they funded research and development") 2. (46) development, evolution -- (a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage); "the development of his ideas took many years"; "the evolution of Greek civilization"; "the slow development of her skill as a writer") 3. (11) growth, growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis -- ((biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level; "he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children") 4. (9) development -- (a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation; "recent developments in Iraq"; "what a revolting development!") 5. (7) exploitation, development -- (the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful; "the development of Alaskan resources"; "the exploitation of copper deposits") 6. (6) development -- (a district that has been developed to serve some purpose; "such land is practical for small park developments") 7. (4) development -- (a state in which things are improving; the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess); "after he saw the latest development he changed his mind and became a supporter"; "in chess your should take care of your development before moving your queen") 8. development, developing -- (processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible; "the development and printing of his pictures took only two hours") 9. development -- ((music) the section of a composition or movement (especially in sonata form) where the major musical themes are developed and elaborated) --- WordNet end ---