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25) Due to the current lack of hazardous effect information on SWNCTs, a standardized genotoxicity battery test was conducted to clarify the genetic toxicity potential of SWCNTs (diameter: 1-1.2 nm, length: ∼20 μm) according to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development test guidelines 471 (bacterial reverse mutation test), 473 (in vitro chromosome aberration test), and 474 (in vivo micronuclei test) with a good laboratory practice system.
* Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes.
- Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have extensive potential industrial applications due to their unique physical and chemical properties; yet this also increases the chance of human and environment exposure to SWCNTs. Due to the current lack of hazardous effect information on SWNCTs, a standardized genotoxicity battery test was conducted to clarify the genetic toxicity potential of SWCNTs (diameter: 1-1.2 nm, length: ∼20 μm) according to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development test guidelines 471 (bacterial reverse mutation test), 473 (in vitro chromosome aberration test), and 474 (in vivo micronuclei test) with a good laboratory practice system. The test results showed that the SWCNTs did not induce significant bacterial reverse mutations at 31.3-500 μg/plate in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537 or in Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA, with and without a metabolic activation system. Furthermore, the in vitro chromosome aberration test showed no significant increase in structural or numerical chromosome aberration frequencies at SWCNT dose levels of 12.5-50 μg/ml in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. However, dose-dependent cell growth inhibition was found at all the SWCNT dose levels and statistically significant cytotoxic effects observed at certain concentrations in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Finally, the SWCNTs did not evoke significant in vivo micronuclei frequencies in the polychromatic erythrocytes of an imprinting control region mice at 25-100 mg/kg. Thus, according to the results of the present study, the SWCNTs were not found to have a genotoxic effect on the in vitro and in vivo test systems.
=>1.予定の, 支払期日がきて, 当然支払われるべき, 2.支払[提出]期日, 満期日, 会費
Overview of noun due
The noun due has 2 senses (first 1 from tagged texts)
1. (4) due -- (that which is deserved or owed; "give the devil his due")
2. due -- (a payment that is due (e.g., as the price of membership); "the society dropped him for
non-payment of dues")
Overview of adj due
The adj due has 4 senses (first 2 from tagged texts)
1. (6) due -- (owed and payable immediately or on demand; "payment is due")
2. (1) due -- (scheduled to arrive; "the train is due in 15 minutes")
3. due -- (suitable to or expected in the circumstances; "all due respect"; "due cause to honor
them"; "a long due promotion"; "in due course"; "due esteem"; "exercising due care")
4. ascribable, due, imputable, referable -- (capable of being assigned or credited to; "punctuation
errors ascribable to careless proofreading"; "the cancellation of the concert was due to the rain";
"the oversight was not imputable to him")
Overview of adv due
The adv due has 1 sense (no senses from tagged texts)
1. due -- (directly or exactly; straight; "went due North")
--- WordNet end ---